The first sign is usually a lump, to touch, different note of the breast tissue around it. It is often noted with irregular, hard, painless to the touch. Sometimes color changes occur and tension in the skin of the affected area.

Not all malignant tumors have these characteristics as some have regular borders and are soft to the touch. For this reason, when any abnormality is detected you should consult your doctor.

In the early stages, the lump under the skin can move his fingers. In later stages, the tumor is usually attached to the chest wall or overlying skin and does not scroll. The nodule is often clearly palpable and even armpit nodes may enlarge. The symptoms of these steps are varied and depend on the size and extent of the tumor.

Other signs that may occur are:

- Pain or nipple retraction.
- Irritation of the skin or fissures.
- Inflammation of a portion of the breast.
- Redness or scaling of the skin or nipple.
- Discharge from the nipple than breast milk.

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The American Joint Committee on Cancer uses the TNM classification system:

* The letter T, followed by a number ranging from 0 to 4 indicates the size of the tumor and spread to the skin or chest wall under the breast. A higher number corresponds to a larger tumor and / or a higher spread to nearby tissues.

* The letter N, followed by a number ranging from 0 to 3 indicates whether the cancer has spread to lymph nodes near the breast and, if so, whether these nodes are attached to other structures.

* The letter M, followed by a 0 or 1, stated whether the cancer has spread to distant organs.

The classification for subgroups is done with numbers ranging from I to IV.

Stage I: indicates that the tumor is less than 2 cm and no metastasis. The relative survival rate 5 years is 98%.

Stage II: includes the following situations:

- No larger than 2 cm but the lymph nodes under the arm are affected.
- Measure 2 to 5 cm and may or may not have spread.
- It is more than 5 cm but the axillary lymph nodes are not affected. The survival rate at 5 years is 88-76%.

Stage III is divided into stage IIIA and IIIB:

Stage III A can integrate the following ways:
- The tumor is smaller than 5 centimeters and has spread to the axillary lymph nodes and these are linked together or to other structures.
- The tumor is larger than 5 cm and the axillary lymph nodes are affected. The relative survival rate 5 years is 56%.

Stage III B can occur in the following cases:
- The cancer has spread to other tissues near the breast (skin, chest wall, including ribs and chest muscles).
- The cancer has spread to lymph nodes inside the chest wall near the sternum. The relative survival rate 5 years is 46%.

Stage IV: This occurs when the cancer has spread to other body structures. The organs that usually appear more frequently metastasis are the bones, lungs, liver or brain. It may also be that the tumor has affected skin locally. The relative survival rate 5 years is 16%.

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Benign tumors are related mostly to genetic factors. Symptoms that occur are pain and inflammation but not spread to the rest of the body and are not dangerous. In malignant tumors, there are several types depending on the location of the breast where there is abnormal growth of cells and depending on their stage.

Tumors may be localized or have spread through the blood vessels or through lymph vessels, and have led to metastasize, a cancer in an organ distant to the original. Of all cases of breast cancer, only 7-10% of them start metastases.

The breast cancers are classified as:

• Ductal carcinoma in situ in the cells of the walls of the ducts. It is a very localized cancer that has not spread to other areas or has metastasized. That is why this disease ‘premalignant’ can be removed easily. The cure rate close to 100%. This type of tumor can be detected through mammography.

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (or invasive) is the one that begins in the milk duct but manages to pass through and adipose tissue of the breast and then can spread to other parts of the body. It is the most common breast cancers, occurs in 80% of cases.

• Lobular carcinoma in situ arises from the mammary glands (or lobes) and, although not a true cancer increases the risk that women can develop a cátumor in the future. Usually occurs before menopause. Once detected, it is important that women have a mammogram every year and control several clinical examinations to monitor the possible development of cancer.

Infiltrating lobular carcinoma (or invasive) begins in the mammary glands but it can spread and destroy other tissues. Between 10% and 15% of breast tumors are of this type. This carcinoma is more difficult to detect through mammography.

• Inflammatory carcinoma is a rare cancer, accounting for only 1% of all breast cancers. It is aggressive and fast growing. Ago breast skin reddening and increasing its temperature. The appearance of the skin becomes thick and hollow, like an orange, and can appear wrinkles and bumps. These symptoms are due to the blockade produced by cancer cells on the lymph vessels.

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