‘tumors’

Clinical Trials

Wednesday, June 16th, 2010

Clinical TrialsClinical Trials

Anal cancer stage I was formerly treated with abdominoperineal resection. Current therapies in preserving the sphincter include wide local excision of the perianal skin or anal margin for small tumors, or definitive chemoradiation (fluorouracil, and mitomycin) for cancers of the anal canal. Salvage chemoradiation therapy (fluorouracil and cisplatin plus a radiation boost) may avoid permanent colostomy in patients with residual tumor after undergoing initial nonoperative therapy. Radical resection is reserved for patients with incomplete responses or recurrent disease. It is therefore important continuous surveillance with rectal examination every three months during the first two years and endoscopy / biopsy when indicated after completion of sphincter-preserving therapy.

Standard treatment options:

1. Small tumors of the perianal skin or anal margin not involving the anal sphincter may be adequately treated with local resection. (more…)

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Standard Treatment

Thursday, June 10th, 2010

PHASE II-Standard TreatmentCANCER OF THE YEAR – PHASE II
Anal cancer stage II were formerly treated with abdominoperineal resection. Current therapies in preserving the sphincter include wide local excision of the perianal skin or anal margin for small tumors, or definitive chemoradiation (fluorouracil, and mitomycin) for cancers of the anal canal. Salvage chemoradiation therapy (fluorouracil and cisplatin plus a radiation boost) may avoid permanent colostomy in patients with residual tumor after undergoing initial nonoperative therapy. Radical resection is reserved for patients with incomplete responses or recurrent disease. It is therefore important for continued vigilance with rectal examination every 3 months during the first 2 years and endoscopy / biopsy when indicated after completion of therapy for sphincter preservation.

Standard treatment options:

1. Small tumors of the perianal skin or anal margin not
involving the anal sphincter may be adequately treated with local resection. (more…)

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Anal Cancer

Tuesday, June 1st, 2010

Anal CancerGENERAL INFORMATION
Anal cancer is often curable. The three major prognostic factors are site (anal canal versus perianal skin), size (primary tumors less than 2 cm have a better prognosis) and differentiation (well differentiated tumors have a better prognosis than tumors with poor differentiation).

Anal cancer is an uncommon malignancy that represents only a small percentage (4%) of all cancers of the lower digestive tract. Some clinical trials have evaluated the role of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery in the treatment of this disease. If you need information about ongoing clinical trials of the NCI.

In general, the risk of anal cancer is increasing, and there is evidence that individuals with human papillomavirus and gay men in particular are at increased risk of autism.

CELLULAR CLASSIFICATION
Squamous cell carcinomas (epidermoid) constitute the vast majority of all primary cancers of the anus, (more…)

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What Are The Gynecological Tumors?

Saturday, December 12th, 2009

The ovaries are two and are in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. They have the shape and size of an almond, and both produce eggs and female hormones (estrogen and progesterone) that are responsible for shaping and feminine traits to the body and regulate menstruation and pregnancy among other things. Ovarian cancer accounts for 4% of tumors that affect women. (more…)

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Lung Cancer

Friday, December 11th, 2009

Cells are the smallest living units of the human body. One function is to reproduce and die when no longer useful. This process is very neat, in time and space, so there is always that allows the appropriate number of cells for each stage of life.

When this multiplication of cells occurs in an uncontrolled manner, forming lumps. These masses are called tumors.
There may be benign and malignant tumors. Benign tumors are those that do not spread to other areas and do not compromise a person’s life. (more…)

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Pancreatic Cancer

Saturday, December 5th, 2009

The pancreas plays an important role in the digestive process, producing essential enzymes in the digestion of food. The other function of the pancreas, which can be described as “control of fuel,” is to produce insulin, which affects people with diabetes. Over 95% of the cells of the pancreas are exocrine glands, responsible for producing pancreatic juice that contains enzymes that break down fats and proteins in food so that nutrients can be absorbed by the small intestine and used by the body to repair tissue or to promote growth. (more…)

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Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL)

Friday, December 4th, 2009

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are a group of syndromes of the lymphatic system. You can say that is a cancer that occurs in this system.
It is the fifth most common cancer type. In the United States last year, some 55,000 cases were diagnosed and 26,000 deaths occurred.

The lymphatic system is a system consisting of vessels and to carry lymph nodes.

Lymph is a colorless fluid containing white blood cells.

The three main types of white blood cells are monocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes. (more…)

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Breast Cancer Symptoms

Friday, November 27th, 2009

Breast Cancer SymptomsIn the early stages of breast cancer women often produces no symptoms. The breast pain is not a sign of cancer although 10% of these patients is often present without any palpable mass.

The first sign is usually a lump, to touch, different note of the breast tissue around it. It is often noted with irregular, hard, painless to the touch. Sometimes color changes occur and tension in the skin of the affected area.

Not all malignant tumors have these characteristics as some have regular borders and are soft to the touch. For this reason, when any abnormality is detected you should consult your doctor.

In the early stages, the lump under the skin can move his fingers. In later stages, the tumor is usually attached to the chest wall or overlying skin and does not scroll. The nodule is often clearly palpable and even armpit nodes may enlarge. The symptoms of these steps are varied and depend on the size and extent of the tumor.

Other signs that may occur are:

- Pain or nipple retraction.
- Irritation of the skin or fissures.
- Inflammation of a portion of the breast.
- Redness or scaling of the skin or nipple.
- Discharge from the nipple than breast milk.

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Types of Breast Cancer

Monday, November 23rd, 2009

Most tumors that occur in the breast are benign, not cancerous, and are due to fibrocystic formations. The cyst is a fluid-filled sac and fibrosis is an abnormal development of connective tissue. Fibrosis does not increase the risk of developing a tumor and does not require special treatment. The cysts, if large, can be painful. Removing the fluid with a needle usually take away the pain. The presence of one or more cysts does not favor the occurrence of malignant tumors.

Benign tumors are related mostly to genetic factors. Symptoms that occur are pain and inflammation but not spread to the rest of the body and are not dangerous. In malignant tumors, there are several types depending on the location of the breast where there is abnormal growth of cells and depending on their stage.

Tumors may be localized or have spread through the blood vessels or through lymph vessels, and have led to metastasize, a cancer in an organ distant to the original. Of all cases of breast cancer, only 7-10% of them start metastases.

(more…)

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