*Taking advantage of the natural orifices of the body can do an endoscopy. In this technique uses a flexible Ttube on the end of a lens and a light, to image, and a device capable of taking samples of tissue.
Endoscopy changes its name in the body area to be explored: laryngoscopy (larynx), gastroscopy (stomach), colonoscopy (colon), cystoscopy (bladder), etc.
*For some endoscopies needed to make a small incision, if it is in the abdomen, one speaks of laparoscopy in the chest, thoracoscopy, etc..
*There are cases where the cancer screening practice with general anesthesia requires a large incision to directly view the area. It speaks of scans to open surgery.
The latest in surgery: laser, cold…
Some of the most innovative techniques in cancer surgery are applied to laser surgery, cryosurgery, electrosurgery, Mohs surgery and laparoscopic surgery.
*Laser surgery. The laser is a beam of light energy. In surgery is used for work requiring high accuracy. For example, to vaporize cancer cells in tumors of the cervix, larynx, liver, rectum, or skin (photoablation). It is also often applied in palliative surgery, for example, when a large tumor pressing the trachea or esophagus and cause difficulty breathing or swallowing.
There are different 
