* Straight through growth in the area
* By metastases in the lymfbaan
* By metastases in the blood

If the cancer grows, it may penetrate the underlying muscle layer of the pelvic floor, in the vagina or the uterus, at a later stage in the bladder, the rectum or the abdominal cavity.

There may also be detached and tumor cells through the lymphatic and / or blood dissemination. If metastases occur, especially in cervical cancer through the illnesses of the circulatory. Dissemination through the blood of cervical cancer occurs less often and then only at a later stage. Then metastases occur in the lungs, bones or liver.

What are the symptoms of cervical cancer?

Exceptions to the cells of the cervix, at the very beginning, giving no complaints. The first phenomenon is that you can notice a brownish or bloody discharge, outside the normal menstrual cycle, or blood loss during or immediately after intercourse (which is also known as contact bleeding).

Studies in cervical cancer

Internal examination and smear
Complaints or suspicion of cervical cancer, the doctor will first conduct an internal examination and a Pap smear decline. In a Pap smear, cells are taken from the transition zone between cervix and cervix. The pathologist evaluates these cells under the microscope and share them in the class called PAP, which runs from PAP I (no defects) to PAP V (cancer). Is the outcome of the PAP smear upper-class I, then the gynecologist over time a new smear, or further research in the form of a colposcopy. As part of the cervical cancer screening for all women aged 30 to 60 year every five years called for a smear (see Abnormal smears).

Colposcopy
To accurately view the cervix, the gynecologist makes use of a Colposcope, a strong magnification. During that examination the gynecologist to the interface of cervical cervical assessment. Often this use of acetic acid, a liquid that abnormal cells can color white. Research can be tedious, but is not really painful. An anesthesia or anesthesia is rarely needed. If there are deviations, the gynecologist a piece of tissue (biopsy) away. This tissue is under the microscope by a pathologist who divides in a class of CIN in cancer cells. CIN mean cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, which ranges from I (minimal deviation) to III (severe abnormalities). These three stages of cervical cancer (CIN I-III), the gynecologist after a few months a new smear or you are directly treated.

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