This is a treatment in which genes are used to carry out the destruction of cancer cells without harming reach cells and tissues are not affected by cancer.

These genes are called “antitumor genes,” by which doctors now have one more option for patients with cancer to those who can not operate because they represent a danger too great.

The experiment was performed with laboratory mice, and scientists involved in the study have said that in a couple of years this may already be done with humans. Everything concerning the use of nanotechnology against cancer has been published online by the journal Cancer Research, UK.

The lead researcher of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of London, Dr. Andreas Schatzlein, said that gene therapy has great potential to create anti-cancer treatments are safe and effective, but placing the genes into cells cancer remains one of the biggest challenges in this field.

Possibility Related Posts:

• Chemotherapy in old age
  When you are elderly and cancer is found in our bodies, methods of fighting cancer are not the same as young people because many treatments like chemotherapy can cause damage complicating the picture ...
• Disease testicular cancer in young
  In young men between 15 and 34 is the most common type of cancer. You can also occur in men with other ages, so everyone should be alert for symptoms that may arise. The testicles (also called testes...
• Worms to cure skin cancer
  An international investigation has discovered one of the mechanisms involved in the renovation of the cuticle of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, opening new lines of study in the field of anti aging ...
• Oral cavity cancer and smoking
  Oral cancer is a destructive disease in the region of the head and neck can infiltrate and invade tissues and spread to other areas via the lymphatic and blood, resulting in distant metastases. Each ...
• Pap Test
  The Pap test (named after the Greek physician who described it) is making by brushing and a wooden spatula cells of the endocervix (inside the cervix), the ectocervix (outside of the cervix) and poste...

Age is one of the determining factors in choosing a therapy to suit their own needs and limits of old age when you have cancer . Fighting a tumor from these circumstances is a real challenge because the patient does not receive the same treatment options one younger. Therefore, the risks increase and hope to emerge unscathed is greatly reduced.

Stockholm has been the focus of European Cancer Congregation 2011 that among the different conclusions reached is the issue of treatment of chemotherapy in people with advanced age. The idea is very clear, the risk of dying at least three times and any infection or discomfort during the treatment could be lethal to the patient’s life.

On the other hand, the faculty of Medicine, University of Athens in Greece analyzed for 9700 women with breast cancer between groups of 65 and 75 years for a period of 5 years. During the evaluation period is concluded that patients who were subjected to less aggressive therapies for their health and age were of a higher mortality rate product of tumor progression.

One of the first ideas that you must learn to live in case of developing cancer in the elderly is that the process is complicated, so the odds of beating the tumor is sensitive, yet, there are always cases (although counted) of people who respond to therapy with good results. As the saying goes, hope is the last thing you lost.

Possibility Related Posts:

• Cancer Nanotechnology
  Scientific studies have used nanotechnology to fight cell cancer , making for the first time this technology is used to fight one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. This is a treatment in which gen...
• Disease testicular cancer in young
  In young men between 15 and 34 is the most common type of cancer. You can also occur in men with other ages, so everyone should be alert for symptoms that may arise. The testicles (also called testes...
• Worms to cure skin cancer
  An international investigation has discovered one of the mechanisms involved in the renovation of the cuticle of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, opening new lines of study in the field of anti aging ...
• Oral cavity cancer and smoking
  Oral cancer is a destructive disease in the region of the head and neck can infiltrate and invade tissues and spread to other areas via the lymphatic and blood, resulting in distant metastases. Each ...
• Pap Test
  The Pap test (named after the Greek physician who described it) is making by brushing and a wooden spatula cells of the endocervix (inside the cervix), the ectocervix (outside of the cervix) and poste...

There are four types of standard treatment:

Surgery

Surgery is a common treatment for all stages of stomach cancer. You can use the following types of surgery:

* Subtotal gastrectomy: Removal of part of the stomach that contains cancer, lymph nodes, and parts of other tissues and organs near the tumor. You can remove the spleen. The spleen is an organ of the upper abdomen that filters the blood and removes old blood cells.
* Total gastrectomy: Removal of the entire stomach, nearby lymph nodes and parts of the esophagus, small intestine and other tissues near the tumor. You can remove the spleen. The esophagus connects the small intestine so the patient can continue eating and swallowing.

If the tumor blocks the stomach, but the cancer can not be completely removed by standard surgery, you can use the following procedures:

* Endoluminal stent placement: A procedure to insert a cannula (thin tube expandable) to keep open a passage (such as arteries or the esophagus). In the case of tumors that block passageways or come from the stomach, surgery may be used to place a stent from the esophagus into the stomach or the stomach to the small intestine to allow the patient to eat normally.
* Endoluminal laser therapy: A procedure which is introduced into the body of an endoscope (thin, lighted tube) with a laser attachment. The laser is an intense light beam that can be used like a knife.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells by killing or stopping them from dividing. When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle, the drugs enter the bloodstream and can affect cancer cells throughout the body (systemic chemotherapy). When chemotherapy is placed directly into the spinal column, an organ or body cavity such as the abdomen, the drugs mainly affect cancer cells in those areas (regional chemotherapy). The way the chemotherapy is given depends on the type and stage of cancer being treated.

Radiotherapy

Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high energy X-rays or other radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. There are two types of radiation therapy. External radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the cancer. Internal radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters that are placed directly into or near the cancer. The way the radiation therapy is given depends on the type and stage of cancer being treated.

Chemoradiation

Chemoradiation combines chemotherapy with radiation to enhance the effects of both. Chemoradiation treatment given after surgery to increase the chance of cure is called adjuvant therapy. If given before surgery is called neoadjuvant therapy.

Possibility Related Posts:

• Cancer Treatments – Surgery And Radiation
  The traditional treatment modalities include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Currently studying the usefulness of immunotherapy and biological response modulation. Surgery The main strateg...
• Uterus Cancer
  The traditional treatment modalities include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Currently studying the usefulness of immunotherapy and biological response modulation. Risk factor of Uterus Ca...
• Cancer Nanotechnology
  Scientific studies have used nanotechnology to fight cell cancer , making for the first time this technology is used to fight one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. This is a treatment in which gen...
• Chemotherapy in old age
  When you are elderly and cancer is found in our bodies, methods of fighting cancer are not the same as young people because many treatments like chemotherapy can cause damage complicating the picture ...
• Types of Cancer Treatments II
  *Taking advantage of the natural orifices of the body can do an endoscopy. In this technique uses a flexible Ttube on the end of a lens and a light, to image, and a device capable of taking samples of...

Due to the small number of cases, you need more information can be obtained only through the participation of patients in well designed clinical trials to improve the management of anal cancer. Patients with stages II, III and IV should be considered candidates for clinical trials.

HIV and anal cancer
The tolerance exhibited by patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anal carcinoma Standard chemoradiation with fluorouracil / mitomycin is not well defined. Patients with CD4 cell counts below 200 before treatment could experience more acute and late toxic effects, so it may be necessary to modify the doses of chemoradiation in this subset of patients.

The designations in PDQ that treatments are “standard” or “under clinical evaluation” are not to be relied upon to determine whether to grant refunds

Standard treatment options:

Surgical resection is used to treat perianal lesions not involving the anal sphincter (the focus of the operation will depend on location of the lesion in the anal canal).

CANCER OF THE YEAR – PHASE I
Anal cancer stage I was formerly treated with abdominoperineal resection. Current therapies in preserving the sphincter include wide local excision of the perianal skin or anal margin for small tumors, or definitive chemoradiation (fluorouracil and mitomycin) for cancers of the anal canal.

Salvage chemoradiation therapy (fluorouracil and cisplatin plus a radiation boost) may avoid permanent colostomy in patients with residual tumor after undergoing initial nonoperative therapy. Radical resection is reserved for patients with incomplete responses or recurrent disease. It is therefore important continuous surveillance with rectal examination every 3 months during first 2 years and endoscopy / biopsy when indicated after completion of therapy for sphincter preservation.

Standard treatment options:

1. Small tumors of the perianal skin or anal margin not
complicate the anal sphincter may be adequately treated with local resection.

2. Other types of anal canal cancer in stage I complicate
anal sphincter or are too large for complete local excision receive external beam radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy with fluorouracil and mitomycin combined with primary radiation therapy appears more effective than radiotherapy alone. The optimal dose of radiation concurrent with chemotherapy is under clinical evaluation.

Selected tumors are also candidates to receive interstitial irradiation.

3. The Radical resection is reserved for the canal cancer
residual or recurrent anal after nonoperative therapy.

4. Alternately, salvage chemotherapy with fluorouracil and
cisplatin combined with radiation boost may avoid permanent colostomy in selected patients with small amounts of a residual tumor following initial nonoperative therapy.

5. The interstitial Iridium-192 after external beam radiation may
convert some patients with residual disease in patients who respond to treatment in a comprehensive manner

Possibility Related Posts:

• Clinical Trials
  Clinical Trials Anal cancer stage I was formerly treated with abdominoperineal resection. Current therapies in preserving the sphincter include wide local excision of the perianal skin or anal marg...
• Anal Cancer Details
  Anal cancer is a disease in which malignant cells form (cancer) in the tissues of the anus. The anus is the end point of the large intestine, below the rectum, through which the body dismissed the st...
• Standard Treatment
  CANCER OF THE YEAR - PHASE II Anal cancer stage II were formerly treated with abdominoperineal resection. Current therapies in preserving the sphincter include wide local excision of the perianal ski...
• STAGE INFORMATION
  The anal canal extends from the rectum to the perianal skin, and is lined by a mucous membrane that covers the internal sphincter. Below is a classification system for anal canal cancer has been descr...
• Cancer Nanotechnology
  Scientific studies have used nanotechnology to fight cell cancer , making for the first time this technology is used to fight one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. This is a treatment in which gen...

This malnutrition is exacerbated by the constitutional box that accompanies these processes such as anorexia (loss of appetite), cachexia (weight loss and muscle mass) and early satiety. Poor nutrition contributes to increase the incidence and severity of adverse effects of treatment, thereby increasing the risk of infections. Although artificial nutrition is an alternative, nutrition should be based on oral feeding. A natural food diet supplemented with dietary supplements is the basis of satisfactory nutrition.

Possibility Related Posts:

• Treatment of Breast Cancer
  Treatment is determined by tumor size and whether there has been spread to lymph or other body areas. Usually, when the tumor is less than 1 centimeter in diameter, surgery is enough to end cancer and...
• Cancer Nanotechnology
  Scientific studies have used nanotechnology to fight cell cancer , making for the first time this technology is used to fight one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. This is a treatment in which gen...
• Chemotherapy in old age
  When you are elderly and cancer is found in our bodies, methods of fighting cancer are not the same as young people because many treatments like chemotherapy can cause damage complicating the picture ...
• Types of Treatment Stomach Cancer
  There are different types of treatment available for patients with stomach cancer. Some treatments are standard (the currently used treatment) and some are being tested in clinical trials. A treatment...
• Overview of Treatment Options
  Previously it was thought that abdominoperineal resection leading to permanent colostomy was required for all except small anal tumors located below the dentate line, treatment with which about 70% of...

Surgery

The main strategy for curative treatment of cancer is excision of all malignant cells by surgical intervention. In the past, this involved the excision of all affected tissue and as many potentially affected tissue, including the surrounding tissues and lymph nodes. For some tumors, particularly breast cancer, is not accurate as ablative surgery (mastectomy) in most cases.

Improvements in surgical techniques, knowledge in physiology, anesthesia and the availability of powerful antibiotics and blood products, have resulted in more limited surgery, with fewer sequels and more speedy recovery.

However, many cancers are not widespread in the time of diagnosis to curative surgery possible. If the local extent of tumor that affects surrounding tissues can not be resected, or if there are distant metastases, surgery is not curative treatment.

However, it may be beneficial for symptom relief in certain situations such as obstruction, or may have in order to reduce the tumor mass to allow better response to chemotherapy or radiation therapy treatment thereafter.

Radiation

Ionizing radiation can be electromagnetic or particulate matter and produce tissue destruction. Electromagnetic radiation includes gamma rays, a form of radioactive emission, and X-rays, which occur when an electron beam strikes a heavy metal. The particle radiation include electron beams, protons, neutrons, alpha particles (helium nuclei) and pions.

The sensitivity of tumors to radiation is highly variable. Sensitive tumors are those whose sensitivity is higher than the adjacent normal tissue. When such tumors are well-accessible surface tumors or tumors in organs like the uterus which can introduce a source of radiation, can be cured by radiotherapy. The property of radiation to comply to some extent the normal tissue allows treatment of tumors in locations where surgery is not possible by the proximity of vital tissues or because the tumor has begun to infiltrate adjacent structures that can not be sacrificed. Radiation therapy is commonly used as palliative treatment, especially in metastases.

Radiation therapy may be useful as an adjunct to surgery. Preoperative radiation may sterilize the tumor cells rapidly and prevent its spread during surgery. It can also decrease the tumor mass to facilitate the surgery, or transforming an inoperable tumor operable in another. In other cases the radiotherapy is employed postoperatively.

Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs for the treatment of cancer. Since the drugs are distributed in the body through the circulatory system, chemotherapy is useful for those whose tumors spread makes them inaccessible to surgery or radiotherapy. There are many anticancer drugs, most of which act by interfering with DNA synthesis or function. Therefore dividing cells are more sensitive to chemotherapy.

The sensitivity of some tumors to chemotherapy is such that it is possible to cure a high percentage: this happens in uterine cancer, acute leukemias (especially in children), Hodgkin’s disease and diffuse large cell lymphomas; testicular carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, small cell carcinoma of the lung, and most of all childhood cancers. Often these processes have spread cancer at the time of diagnosis and no other treatment option. More advanced cancers are responsive to chemotherapy and may be held for long periods, so it is frequently used as palliative treatment.

The two main problems that limit the use of chemotherapy are toxicity and resistance. The techniques that prevent or control the toxicity and reduce the risk of resistance have been refined. It is important to the establishment of early treatment, use of optimal doses of the drug, the repetition of cycles with shorter intervals if possible, always allowing patient recovery from toxic effects.
Hormone Therapy: Many cancers from tissues that are sensitive to hormone action, such as breast, prostate, endometrium and thyroid, respond to hormonal treatment. Involves the administration of various hormones or anti-hormones or termination of the corresponding stimulating hormone.

Credit to: jvillalva on Monografias

Possibility Related Posts:

• Uterus Cancer
  The traditional treatment modalities include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Currently studying the usefulness of immunotherapy and biological response modulation. Risk factor of Uterus Ca...
• Types of Cancer Treatments II
  *Taking advantage of the natural orifices of the body can do an endoscopy. In this technique uses a flexible Ttube on the end of a lens and a light, to image, and a device capable of taking samples of...
• Types of Cancer Treatments I
  Oncological Surgery is the oldest treatment for cancer. This applies especially in cases where the tumor is well defined and has not spread to other parts of the body. Thanks to advances in sur...
• Types of Treatment Stomach Cancer
  There are different types of treatment available for patients with stomach cancer. Some treatments are standard (the currently used treatment) and some are being tested in clinical trials. A treatment...
• Cancer Nanotechnology
  Scientific studies have used nanotechnology to fight cell cancer , making for the first time this technology is used to fight one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. This is a treatment in which gen...

But with the increasing awareness of women to conduct routine checks on her breasts. So, more day mortality rate of this cancer can be reduced further. Especially in patients under the age of 30 years. But if it turns out this cancer was already residing in your body, given the very rapid development of stage 1 to hopeless only takes less than five years. So you must be willing to do various kinds of tests, examinations and undergo a series of super-intensive treatment. All this was done so that the development of cancer cells can be identified wild spreading rate. This is called the ‘stage’. No need to panic, because the progress of medical technology is growing day by day. So there are many possibilities for you to escape from this deadly disease.
So, wants to know more details about the stadium and a variety of medical terms that must be passed by breast cancer?
Here are his notes:

Stage 1
At this stage, cancerous lump no more than 2 cm and can not be detected from outside. A very systematic treatment will be given at this stage of cancer, the aim is that cancer cells can not spread and did not continue on the next stage. At this stage, the possibility of full recovery of patients was 70%.

Stage 2
At this stage, the possibility of patient recovery is 30 – 40% depending on the extent of the spread of cancer cells. Usually cancer lump size was more than 2 even get to the level of 5 cm and had already spread to the armpit area. Or it can also measure the cancer has reached 5 centimeters but has not spread anywhere. Usually performed surgery to remove cancer cells that have spread to all parts, and radiation after surgery performed to ensure no more cancer cells left behind.

Stage 3A
According to data from the MOH, 87% of breast cancers found in this stadium. Lumps of cancer is larger than 5 centimeters and has spread to the lymph glands.

Stage 3B
The cancer had spread to all parts of the breast, even reaching the skin, chest wall, ribs and chest muscles. It also spreads also been attacked kalenjar lymph thoroughly. If it so there is no alternative other than breast removal.

Stage 4
Cancer cells have spread to attack other parts of the body, usually the bones, lungs, liver or brain. Or it can also attack the skin, lymph glands in the neck. Same as stage 3, actions to be taken is the appointment of the breast.

Here are some of the terms of medical measures to stop the doctors performed the rate of growth of cancer cells:

Lumpectomy
term is ‘lump removal’. This appointment is usually accompanied by a little (very minimal) of healthy tissue. In this way, the network is expected to remain healthy and still be able to reshape the breasts naturally.

Radical Mastectomy
Appointment of breast partly or wholly, including the chest muscles below the breasts to prevent cancer spread more widely. Now, this method is rarely used because medical technology is more advanced.

Chemotherapy
Therapy was given for the provision of certain drugs are very strong effect (anti-cancer). This therapy can be given by mouth or injection form in blood vessels. This treatment should be repeated with a cycle that lasted between 3 to 6 months.

Hormone therapy
Method hormone that functions as a barrier to the rate of growth of cancer cells.

Radiation Therapy
This treatment is usually given together with a lumpectomy or masectomy, the function of this therapy is to destroy cancer cells that do not spread to other parts of the body.

Verdict of breast cancer is not the end of everything, doctors are human beings who could say anything. But still, God is deciding everything, including human life.

Possibility Related Posts:

• Cancer Nanotechnology
  Scientific studies have used nanotechnology to fight cell cancer , making for the first time this technology is used to fight one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. This is a treatment in which gen...
• Soursop, helps kill cancer cells
  Its scientific name is Annona muricata and is part of the family of the c. Grown mainly in tropical America, Southeast Asia and islands, the Philippines , is a fruit that could represent a revolution ...
• New treatments for eye cancer
  The eye cancer is a disease that until recently required a one time treatment, which eventually ended up causing partial or total blindness in virtually all patients who took him out, because it is a ...
• Chemotherapy in old age
  When you are elderly and cancer is found in our bodies, methods of fighting cancer are not the same as young people because many treatments like chemotherapy can cause damage complicating the picture ...
• Radiation therapy and hormonal therapy in prostate cancer
  It can be given external beam radiation therapy using high-energy linear accelerators or radioactive rods implanted or 198Au 125 in the prostate. The rates of impotence and urinary incontinence are so...

Risk factor of Uterus Cancer

* Sex at an early age.
* Sex with different individuals.
* Having endured venereal diseases, herpes, etc. ..
* Have submitted altered cytology.

Symptoms: Investigate any irregular vaginal bleeding, prolonged or unusual, like small smudges or bleeding after intercourse.
Diagnosis: cervical cytology has been a great help for early diagnosis of cancer. It involves taking a sample of discharge from the cervix to examine the cells present. The specimen is spread on a plate, applied laboratory techniques of fixation and staining and then observed under the microscope.
Prevention: As a preventive measure is indicated to an annual medical examination and cervical cytology (also called Pap smear). Any woman who has engaged in sexual activity or that is over 18 years must carry out such checks.
Other prevention measures include delaying the onset of sexual activity and sexual intercourse with an individual.

Possibility Related Posts:

• Cancer Treatments – Surgery And Radiation
  The traditional treatment modalities include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Currently studying the usefulness of immunotherapy and biological response modulation. Surgery The main strateg...
• Types of Treatment Stomach Cancer
  There are different types of treatment available for patients with stomach cancer. Some treatments are standard (the currently used treatment) and some are being tested in clinical trials. A treatment...
• Cancer Nanotechnology
  Scientific studies have used nanotechnology to fight cell cancer , making for the first time this technology is used to fight one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. This is a treatment in which gen...
• Skin cancer symptoms
  The symptoms of non-melanoma includes basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Skin cancer "nonmelanoma" is the most common and also less dangerous than the "melanoma." Symptoms of skin can...
• Chemotherapy in old age
  When you are elderly and cancer is found in our bodies, methods of fighting cancer are not the same as young people because many treatments like chemotherapy can cause damage complicating the picture ...

The surgical procedure was always done by a surgeon / gynecologist expert in breast cancer, allows local control of the disease and carry out an accurate diagnosis because it can determine the characteristics of the tumor and the number of nodes affected by malignant cells .

Radiotherapy is the use of high-energy rays such as X rays, to destroy or decrease the number of cancer cells. Local treatment is given after conservative surgery (when used after mastectomy is because it believes that there is a risk that the tumor is played). It develops over about 20-30 days (the oncologist and the radiologist felt it appropriate), and the patient goes to an outpatient clinic or room where radiation therapy is performed, does not have to be hospitalized for it.

As such, the treatment lasts a few minutes. It is not painful but it is something like an X-ray radiation only is greater and is concentrated in the affected area. What is achieved with radiotherapy is to reduce the size of the tumor, then surgery to remove or, upon completion of the operation, clear the area of malignant cells.

Side effects of this treatment include fatigue, or fatigue, swelling and heaviness in the breast, redness and dry skin (like after a sunburn), which usually disappear after six or 12 months. The action of the apparatus is usually very focused so that its effects are usually short and usually well tolerated by patients. A good combination of rest, physical activity and delicate garments can reduce this discomfort. (* See it in pictures)

Chemotherapy involves the administration of drugs that kill cancer cells and avoid the appearance of tumor in other parts of the body. There are several routes of administration, but the most common are the oral and intravenous.

No hospitalization is necessary for this treatment, can be done on an outpatient basis. This will depend on the state of the patient and duration of treatment, one track can last between four and eight months. The chemotherapy can be done as an adjuvant, ie, added to surgery or as sole treatment for cases of recurrence, and surgery is not a solution.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is one that is performed before surgery and only in some cases. Your objectivism is to reduce the size of the tumor and to perform an operation that will help to preserve the breast in women for whom the first option was a mastectomy.

Women with a recent diagnosis should know that there is an alternative to mastectomy (radical surgery) and should start talking to your doctor about the possibility of receiving quimioterapita first.

Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed after surgery to kill any cancer cells remaining in microscopic quantities and prevent their growth.

Only 10% of all patients who receive no postoperative treatment and which are those with no affected lymph nodes and the tumor is less than 1cm., And / or hormone receptor positive.

These drugs are given by way of cycles, with a recovery period between each.

The total duration of treatment varies depending on the patient required chemotherapy but ranges from three to six months.

Side effects of chemotherapy:
Because they are very strong drugs, have few side effects in some cases, very unpleasant. It must be said that are given, along with them, other drugs that reduce some of these effects. The most common are:

- Nausea and vomiting (Read more).
- Loss of appetite.
- Loss of hair.
- Mouth sores.
- Fatigue.
- High risk of infection by the decrease in white blood cells.
- Changes in the menstrual cycle.
- Hematomas.

Chemotherapy as treatment for relapse (when the cancer recurs in the other breast or other organ) is administered in the manner described above, except that the dose must be appropriate to stage of cancer.

Alongside chemotherapy, hormonal therapy will be provided that the present tumor hormone receptors.

Hormone therapy involves the administration of drugs that block the action of hormones that stimulate the growth of cancer cells.

They are given to those patients who are hormone receptor positive, this comes to be 60-70% of patients diagnosed with breast cancer.

Years ago after ovariectomy was performed to prevent the action of hormones but, at present, this technique is not used and instead used hormone therapy.

Recently, new drugs are being used for this therapy, which are:
- Drug antiestrogens or estrogen receptor modulators.
- Luteinizing hormone agonists at the level of the pituitary gland, which is responsible for estrogen production in premenopausal women.
- Drugs of aromatase, an enzyme that produces estrogen in women whose ovaries no longer produce them, ie, in menopausal women.
- Drug type of progesterone.

Side effects of these drugs are similar to symptoms that occur at menopause, ie hot flashes, nervousness, and so on. In some postmenopausal women have seen other risks such as increased thrombophlebitis, etc..

These drugs have several routes of administration that will be chosen according to a decision by the physician and patient. These routes are oral, subcutaneous and intramuscular (via injection).

The surgery will be done after obtaining the biopsy result. With it, is to achieve total tumor removal. Depending on this, the surgery will be more or less complicated.

The breast-conserving surgery is to remove the tumor trying to preserve as much breast tissue intact. Depending on the size of the tumor have the following types of surgery:

Lumpectomy: removal of the tumor with a rim of normal tissue.

Partial mastectomy or wide excision: Removal of the tumor along with a larger amount of normal tissue.

Quadrantectomy: removal of one quarter of the breast. These types of surgery will be performed in cases where the tumor is small, about 15% of cases, the amount of tissue that is removed is so small that it does not show much difference between the operated breast and non has been. Survival rates among women who have been implanted with conservative surgery and it was removed the entire breast to a are identical. These are the options of surgery:

Simple mastectomy: it removes the entire breast tissue but leaves the underlying muscle intact and enough skin to cover the wound. The breast is reconstructed more easily if the pectoral muscles and other tissues that are below it are unaffected. This technique is used when the cancer is invasive and has spread within the breast ducts.

Modified radical mastectomy removes the entire breast, axillary nodes some of the same arm of the breast and a small section of pectoralis ..

Radical mastectomy removes the tumor and the breast, underlying pectoral muscles and axillary nodes.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy: During surgery, inject a dye or a radioactive substance into the tumor site. The substance is transported by the lymph and if captured by the first node, which is one that can contain as many cancer cells, more nodes are removed. If it contains no malignant cells are not removed others. Chances of survival are greater if not affected axillary nodes. This biopsy is not performed if the tumor is very localized and very small, but if not, is done to try to prevent problems that may occur to remove lymph nodes.

Lymphedema: is a complication that occurs in one or two women out of 10 audited. This complication is swelling, stiffness or pain and loss of mobility in the arm after lymph node removal. The woman, once operated, you should avoid gaining any weight with that arm and perform strenuous exercise. The treatment for this problem is through massage or compression bandages. It is making a new technique, which is under study, which involves liposuction to remove fat that is stored in the arm.

Breast reconstruction: in general, to reconstruct a breast, a woman has to pass twice by surgery, a mastectomy and one for the implantation of the prosthesis. Generally not usually done at a time because it would need to be a long time under anesthesia and prefer to do this in two different interventions. There is no inconvenience for the patient to intervene when she sees fit. The implant is usually silicone or saline. Not all women who have undergone a radical mastectomy, wants to perform implant. Spending again for an operating room to undergo surgery with anesthesia and subsequent recovery, some choose to make the artificial limbs.

Possibility Related Posts:

• Nutritional food for Cancer Patient
  Nutrition is one of the most important aspects of oncology patients, both for its impact as meaning: almost 90% of patients with advanced malignancies have a significant weight loss, and on the other ...
• Cancer Nanotechnology
  Scientific studies have used nanotechnology to fight cell cancer , making for the first time this technology is used to fight one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. This is a treatment in which gen...
• Chemotherapy in old age
  When you are elderly and cancer is found in our bodies, methods of fighting cancer are not the same as young people because many treatments like chemotherapy can cause damage complicating the picture ...
• Types of Treatment Stomach Cancer
  There are different types of treatment available for patients with stomach cancer. Some treatments are standard (the currently used treatment) and some are being tested in clinical trials. A treatment...
• Overview of Treatment Options
  Previously it was thought that abdominoperineal resection leading to permanent colostomy was required for all except small anal tumors located below the dentate line, treatment with which about 70% of...