Posts Tagged ‘cancer cells’
Stage Of Breast Cancer
1 .- Stage 0
Noninvasive breast cancer or in situ.
a) Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): Cancer cells are located within a duct, there is no invasion of surrounding fatty tissue.
b) Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS): The atypical cells grow inside the milk-producing glands, and do not penetrate through the walls of the lobe.
2 .- Stage I
The tumor is less than 2 centimeters in diameter. Has not spread beyond the breast.
3 .- Stage II
It is divided into IIA and IIB.
a) Stage IIA. It includes three categories: non-palpable tumor with positive lymph nodes but mobile, not fixed to each other, tumor less than or equal to 2 cm in greatest diameter with positive axillary nodes and tumors moving between 2 and 5 cm with negative axillary nodes.
b) Stage IIB. Two modes: Tumors between 2 and 5 cm in greatest diameter, axillary node-positive phones, tumors larger than 5 cm in greatest diameter, with negative lymph nodes in the armpit.
4 .- Stage III
This stage is divided into IIIA and IIIB:
a) Stage IIIA. They have the following modalities: non-palpable tumors, tumor diameter greater or less than 2 cm and tumors between 2 and 5 centimeters, if they have positive lymph nodes, fixed to each other or that have invaded other structures in the armpit. O tumors larger than 5 cm in greatest diameter with any positive node in the armpit.
b) Stage IIIB: Breast cancer of any size that has spread to the chest wall, skin of the breast or chest wall or skin and inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. Or any size tumor with positive nodes in the internal mammary tumor on the same side.
5 .- Stage IV
Cancer regardless of its size, has spread (metastasized) to distant organs such as bones, lungs or
Breast Cancer Monitoring
After the woman has undergone treatment for the elimination of breast cancer, you need to make stricter controls over the first five years. After they shall continue to be controlled like any healthy woman.
The controls are:
During the first two years, physical examinations will be conducted every three months and annual mammography.
Over the next three years, the physical examinations conducted every six months and annual mammography will also.
These controls will not require any other evidence provided that the woman is asymptomatic and her doctor so it sees fit.
Other tests are not uncommon blood tests, chest radiography and serial bone X-rays. You can perform some other evidence relating to any symptoms that the patient present.
Prostate Cancer
It is a malignant tumor that develops in the prostate gland. It consists of uncontrolled growth of prostate cells. This means, among other things, that the prostate, because of its location, press on the bladder and urethra by preventing the normal urine output.
Most prostate cancers grow very slowly, although some do it quickly, they can even spread.
The prostate is a glandular organ, the size of a walnut, found in men and situated around the neck of the bladder and urethra, in front of the rectum. Some liquid, whitish and viscous, which is mixed with sperm at the time of ejaculation.
There are lymph vessels surrounding the prostate and that lead to pelvic lymph nodes.
When a prostate cancer, there is the possibility that cancer cells spreading through lymphatic vessels and affect the lymph and from there to anywhere on the body.
Types of Breast Cancer
Most tumors that occur in the breast are benign, not cancerous, and are due to fibrocystic formations. The cyst is a fluid-filled sac and fibrosis is an abnormal development of connective tissue. Fibrosis does not increase the risk of developing a tumor and does not require special treatment. The cysts, if large, can be painful. Removing the fluid with a needle usually take away the pain. The presence of one or more cysts does not favor the occurrence of malignant tumors.
Benign tumors are related mostly to genetic factors. Symptoms that occur are pain and inflammation but not spread to the rest of the body and are not dangerous. In malignant tumors, there are several types depending on the location of the breast where there is abnormal growth of cells and depending on their stage.
Tumors may be localized or have spread through the blood vessels or through lymph vessels, and have led to metastasize, a cancer in an organ distant to the original. Of all cases of breast cancer, only 7-10% of them start metastases.