Posts Tagged ‘cancer’
Disease testicular cancer in young
In young men between 15 and 34 is the most common type of cancer. You can also occur in men with other ages, so everyone should be alert for symptoms that may arise.
The testicles (also called testes) are a pair of male sex glands. They produce and store sperm and are also the main source of male hormones in the body.
These hormones control the development of reproductive organs and male characteristics. The testicles are located under the penis in a sac-like pouch called the scrotum.
Testicular cancer can be broadly classified into two types
Seminoma tumors, comprising about 30% of all testicular cancers. The seminomatous tumors tumors: are a group of cancers that include choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinomas, teratomas and yolk sac tumors.
A testicular cancer may have a combination of both.
Causes
Do not know what causes testicular cancer. Studies show that several factors increase the likelihood that a man will develop testicular cancer.
- Undescended testicle ( cryptorchidism )
- Abnormal development of the testes.
- Klinefelter syndrome .
- History of testicular cancer: If you have previously had testicular cancer have an increased risk of developing cancer in the other testicle.
Symptoms
- A painless lump or swelling in either testicle
- Pain or discomfort in a testicle or scrotum
- Any enlargement of a testicle or change in how you feel
- A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
- A dull ache in the lower abdomen, back or groin (the area where the thigh meets the abdomen)
- A sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum.
Treatment
• During surgery, the affected testicle is removed.
• After examining the tumor under a microscope: it determines the exact type of tumor and type of complementary treatment necessary to apply after the surgery.
• Surgery: just as long as the cancer is isolated, confined in the testis, with a wrap intact and after an early diagnosis.
• Sometimes it is necessary to resort to chemotherapy or to radiotherapy after surgery.
Worms to cure skin cancer
An international investigation has discovered one of the mechanisms involved in the renovation of the cuticle of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, opening new lines of study in the field of anti aging skin in humans and in healing and healing wounds.
The study noted that the molting process in this worm is associated with changes in the oxidation state of proteins present in the cuticle.
By blocking the activity of these proteins, the old cuticle is not weakened enough to break the animal, and just dying inside.
It could also help in treating skin cancers and the development of treatments for nematodiasis, parasitic diseases caused by nematodes (a type of worm as studied in this research) and widespread in the developing countries.
The aging in living organisms is caused by the reduced ability of cells to repair oxidative damage that accumulates throughout life.
The molting process in this worm is associated with changes in the oxidation state of proteins present in the cuticle.
The application of glutathione, a molecule present in all living organisms and regulates cellular oxidation balance favors the move and moving to the next larval stage, as it helps the worm to degrade the old cuticle and leave her.
If we discover what other cuticle proteins are involved in oxidation processes, we could come up with new ways to treat these diseases.
Oral cavity cancer and smoking
Oral cancer is a destructive disease in the region of the head and neck can infiltrate and invade tissues and spread to other areas via the lymphatic and blood, resulting in distant metastases.
Each puff of smoke fills the mouth before being sucked into the lungs. The largest concentration of toxic substances is evidently in the mouth and attacks the mucous membranes.
Smoking snuff causes oral cavity cancer in men and women. The risk increases when consumed smokeless snuff or smoking and drinking alcohol.
here is a strong relationship between cancer risk and how many cigarettes are smoked and for how long. The risk tends to decrease once you stop smoking.
Most cancers of the buccal cavity birth caught flat cells that line the interior of the mouth.
Mouth cancer is manifested by a tumor can be placed on the lips, tongue, inner walls of the cheeks, gums and palate.
Causes
The main causes of oral cancer include:
- Consumption of snuff (90% of oral cancer due to smoking cigarettes, cigars or pipes, chewing snuff and snuff powder rubbed on the gums).
- The consumption of alcohol.
- Leukoplakia – a condition characterized by a whitish patch that develops inside the mouth or throat.
- Erythroplakia – a condition characterized by red, raised patch that develops inside the mouth.
- Excessive sun exposure as anywhere in the body, can cause lip cancer.
- Red or white patches velvety texture
- Ulcers or sores that fail to heal
- Plate-like sores or warts on the lips
- Persistent sore throat
- Lump on the lip, on the tongue or neck
- Difficulty chewing, swallowing or talking
- Descrecimiento not painful in the lip, forming a dry scab that bleeds when removed
- Pain in the ear or jaw
Pap Test
Cell samples are placed in a holder (glass) and fixed with a standard solution hair spray, to be preserved and sent to a laboratory expert in cellular assays (histologist) that by means of staining and microscopic examination determines the hormonal of the cells received, the components (inflammatory cells, some cells infectious, etc.) and whether any cellular alteration in the smear analysis.
The primary objective of the Pap test is the early diagnosis of cellular alterations that lead to cervical cancer , which will allow us to take preventive action to avoid the development and consequences of gynecological cancer second (the first is that of the breast).
According to this analysis gives a summary report that after many attempts to rank for all doctors, gynecologists and histologists the world mean the same thing (not easy), is as follows:
1. SMEAR NORMAL: no phones or inflammatory disorders.
2. ASCUS: atypical cell changes but undefined (not cancer cells, but they are not normal).
3. LSIL (low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion grade), bone, cells sense altered in cancer, but low grade.
4. HSIL (high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion grade). bone, cancer cells still localized and not visible to the naked eye.
5. CARCINOMA: cancer cells, and possibly macroscopically visible (the eye)
Who and when to do Pap smear?
All women from the start of their sex should be done systematically at least once a year (sometimes at 2 years, even after menopause within three years) a smear of control. The test frequency is decided by the gynecologist as the patient’s personal history (infections, history, etc)
The cost of cancer
Let’s take a moment to consider the cost of therapies which can often save lives.
It’s no secret that he or treatments for cancer are expensive. Even assuming no changes in cancer trends, except for an increase of patients due to the aging population, the National Cancer Institute estimates that medical costs will reach $ 158 billion in 2020 and could rise to $ 207 billion taking on new therapies and diagnostic costs further.
Two highlight news: Doctors say that the market for cancer drugs, ie, targeted therapies, treatments, may increase the total cost of cancer drugs and 15% annually through 2013. This is partly due to greater use of them, especially because the cost of therapies is rising.
The cost of cancer: high-cost drugs, prescriptions abandoned
Many new drugs are not given by infusion in a hospital or clinic that can be self administered, often in pill form, without medical supervision. That’s more convenient for patients, but there may be advantages and disadvantages.
Let’s Talk About Cancer
Cancer now dominates our community, cases are displayed in abundance in all parts of the world. Most individuals affected with this disease live with it without knowing it. For now, cancer has been considered a disease death in the world with their performance. This gradually suppress the immune system.
Research shows that cancer is “an abnormal growth of cells which tend to proliferate in an uncontrolled way and, in some cases, to metastasize.” And we know that cancer is not just a disease actually a group. This growth was the name of a crab.
Any abnormal growth of tissue was appointed through the organ. For example, when the mother happened to have abnormal growth, then this will be diagnosed as breast cancer, as with the prostate, lung, skin, ovaries and so on.
We refer to a tumor or neoplasm or malignant, which means a disease that can grow and progress continually. Some people have no idea perplexed when it comes to benign tumors. A benign tumor is not as bad as you think, not cancer at all, and certainly the two types are not contagious.
Cancer Nanotechnology
Scientific studies have used nanotechnology to fight cell cancer , making for the first time this technology is used to fight one of the deadliest diseases worldwide.
This is a treatment in which genes are used to carry out the destruction of cancer cells without harming reach cells and tissues are not affected by cancer.
These genes are called “antitumor genes,” by which doctors now have one more option for patients with cancer to those who can not operate because they represent a danger too great.
The experiment was performed with laboratory mice, and scientists involved in the study have said that in a couple of years this may already be done with humans. Everything concerning the use of nanotechnology against cancer has been published online by the journal Cancer Research, UK.
The lead researcher of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of London, Dr. Andreas Schatzlein, said that gene therapy has great potential to create anti-cancer treatments are safe and effective, but placing the genes into cells cancer remains one of the biggest challenges in this field.
How can we deal with a cancer
It’s a terrible story that no one is prepared to receive. We always believe that “it is up to others but to me or my loved ones, no.” What happens when we have to ourselves?
All around us we hear the same thing has died of cancer this or that or they are giving chemotherapy or the like. Seldom thought we going to play even though the disease and any of its types is the most prevalent is in society.
Receiving the news changes our lives, although they have to end it. We can always follow more or less as usual.
It is easy to say but the last thing we must do is master the panic. Think we’ll be able to do past life in almost all times, except for medical treatment that we assigned. Not all cancers are the same, thus, treatments either.
You’ll have to sleep and rest more than before, though. You should also change your diet for a much lighter and healthier. Leave the smokers and snuff if you go to check-ups hoping to be touched.
When you complete your treatment, it is time to think again, return to the previous life. But while do not miss any appointments. Do not let the disease go to the fore. On the contrary, leave out but forget it until you heal, be there.
Gradually increase your confidence and the day of discharge without further revisions to do. If many people get it, why you will not get you too?
New ways to fight skin cancer
One of the cancers most common in the world is the skin. It is estimated that in Spain there are six to seven cases per hundred thousand inhabitants and in Australia the figure rises to 42 in every hundred thousand. That’s why two medical institutions are innovating in how to detect and combat this type of cancer.
The first is the Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, where in a relatively short time has been using a new operating system. This is the Mohs micrographic surgery. With it you can access hard to reach places such as the nose or eyelids.
Is that while the surgeon operates, the anatomist, the tissue removed. In this way. He begins to cut the fabric of downtown, where large percentage of cancer. Then he begins to cut out circles to remove the skin compromised. When the anatomist realize that you have removed all the cancerous tissue and that there is only healthy skin line stops the procedure.
Also, the Carlos Haya Hospital has a unit of teledermatology . This unit is responsible for digitally photograph the area believed to be cancer. This photograph is emailed to a specialist medical center for diagnosis. This will reduce the detection time and you can start, if you require a treatment much faster and therefore more expectation of success.
Neuroblastoma, an aggressive childhood tumor
Children are most affected with a very aggressive brain tumor that bears the name of neuroblastoma.
Such a tumor would be associated with a genetic trait through a variation in the number of copies of DNA according to a study at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania School of Medicine published in the journal Nature.
This tumor, usually fatal for the victim, could be part of a chain of variations in DNA copy number (CNV). Such changes are present between nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which features one side (in some cases) is a nature susceptible to cancer.
The study was led by John Maris, and he became involved in an analysis of genome-wide association in patients with neuroblastoma . Among the findings was discovered VNC found on chromosome 1 that could be associated with the disease.
The research team has determined that this genome is usually expressed in fetal brain tissue and that would be involved in the initial stages of tumor development.
