Cancer Treatment and Health Care

The anal canal extends from the rectum to the perianal skin, and is lined by a mucous membrane that covers the internal sphincter. Below is a classification system for anal canal cancer has been described by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC by its acronym in English) and the International Union Against Cancer. Margin tumors anal (located below the anal verge and involving the perianal skin with hair) are classified with skin tumors.

TNM Definitions
Primary tumor (T)

TX: Can not evaluate the primary tumor
T0: No evidence of primary tumor
Tis: Carcinoma in situ
T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension
T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension
T3: Tumor more than 5 cm in greatest dimension
T4: Tumor of any size that invades an organ (s) adjacent (s), eg, vagina, urethra, bladder (the complication of the muscle (s) of the sphincter alone is not classified as T4)

Regional lymph nodes (N)

NX: can not be assessed regional lymph nodes
N0: No metastasis to regional lymph nodes
N1: Metastasis in lymph node (s) node (s) perirectal (s)
N2: Metastasis in lymph node (s) node (s) ilium (s) and / or inguinal (s) unilateral (s) Procedure (s)
N3: Metastasis in perirectal and inguinal lymph nodes and / or iliac lymph nodes and / or bilateral internal inguinal

Distant metastasis (M)

MX: No distant metastasis can be assessed
M0: No distant metastasis
M1: There is distant metastasis

Stage 0
Anal Cancer Stage 0 is carcinoma in situ. Diagnosed only in rare cases, very early cancer that has not spread below the limiting membrane of the first layer of anal tissue. Anal cancer stage 0 corresponds to the next group TNM:

Tis, N0, M0

Stage I
Anal cancer is stage I cancer that is 2 centimeters or less in greatest dimension and has not spread anywhere else. There is no complication of the sphincter. Anal cancer stage I TNM group corresponds to the following:

T1, N0, M0

Stage II
Anal cancer is stage II cancer that is larger than 2 centimeters and not complicated adjacent organs or lymph nodes. Anal cancer stage II corresponds to the following groups TNM:

T2, N0, M0
T3, N0, M0

Stage IIIA
Anal cancer stage IIIA cancer is cancer that has spread to perirectal lymph nodes or adjacent organs. Anal cancer stage IIIA corresponds to the following groups TNM:

T1, N1, M0
T2, N1, M0
T3, N1, M0
T4, N0, M0

Stage IIIB
Anal cancer stage IIIB cancer is cancer that has spread to the internal iliac or inguinal nodes (unilateral or bilateral) or has spread to surrounding organs so as to perirectal lymph nodes. Anal cancer stage IIIB corresponds to the following groups TNM:

T4, N1, M0
Any T, N2, M0
Any T, N3, M0

Stage IV
Anal cancer stage IV corresponds to cancer that has spread to distant lymph nodes within the abdomen or other organs of the body. Anal cancer stage IV corresponds to the following TNM group:

Any T, Any N, M1

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