Renal Cell Carcinoma
Formerly known as hyper-nephroma, renal cell carcinoma or Grawitz tumor is a carcinoma that originates in the renal tubular epithelial cells. In order of frequency is the tenth malignancy in males and 14th among women, accounting for 2% of malignancies and is more common in men than in women, with a ratio 2 to 1.
The peak incidence of this cancer is between 50 and 70 years although it may appear from age 35 to age senile. In Spain, for example, the incidence is 4.5 per 100,000 population, detecting approximately 1500-2000 new cases each year.
Its genesis has been related to the high calorie diet (high fat diets and cholesterol), obesity, hypertension (especially in females), snuff consumption, the incidence of the latter is 1.7 times higher than those not exposed to this risk factor, and other environmental factors such as exposure to heavy metals such as cadmium, can be identified without clear etiologic factor in many cases. It has been postulated some protective effect with diets containing adequate levels of vitamin C, beta carotene and vitamin E.
From a genetic standpoint, there are multiple chromosomal alterations in these tumors, although the most common is the disappearance of a suppressor gene on the short arm of chromosome 3.
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