Human cancer biology and diagnosis
Cancer is a complex of diseases caused by alterations of different genes. All alterations of normal cellular processes as signal transduction, cell cycle control, DNA repair, growth and cell differentiation, regulation of translation cellular aging or apoptosis (programmed cell death) can cause a malignant phenotype or rather cell with malignant potential.
Have been linked to two main types of genes with the development of cancer: oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Both operate in the normal cycle of cell reproduction anoint, but when it fails any of them increases the likelihood of developing cancer.
The symptoms and physical signs are important to recognize benign neoplasms and potentially lethal in children, adolescents and adults. In addition to the classic manifestations should be evaluated for any signs or symptoms and without clear explanation persistent and may be due to a precancerous or cancerous box itself.
As part of the diagnostic evaluation, the physician or oncologist should include communication of the diagnosis to the patient or his family in a sensitive and informative.