Since 80% to 90% of women who presented ovarian tumors have no family history of the disease and that screening in the general population is not yet effective, it is important for patients and physicians know the symptoms of cancer ovary to establish the diagnosis as quickly as possible. Theoretically lead to early diagnosis of tumor detection in early stages, when the chance of cure is significantly higher. Even if that early diagnosis through symptoms does not detect early stage disease, will make optimal cytoreduction in advanced disease.

This study, like previous ones, shows that often are no symptoms in women with ovarian cancer: 94% of patients had symptoms during the previous year and 67% had experienced recurrent symptoms. The most frequently reported symptoms were bloating and increased abdominal size, fatigue, urinary tract symptoms and pelvic or abdominal pain.

Women who presented for consultation in primary care centers often also have symptoms that may be related to ovarian cancer. 95% had submitted at least 1 symptom in the previous year and 72% had recurrent symptoms. As women age, almost all the symptoms become less frequent and less severe, emphasizing the importance of not attributing symptoms typical of ovarian cancer to the aging process.

Another distinguishing women with ovarian cancer from those who do not have, is the severity and frequency of symptoms. Compared with women in the general population, abdominal and pelvic pain, bloating, constipation and increased abdominal size are significantly more severe among patients with ovarian cancer.

The duration of symptoms is another area in which significant differences were found in this study, among women with benign or malignant neoplasms, compared with those presented in primary care. In general, women with ovarian masses had symptoms with a median duration of 3 to 6 months and those who attended primary health care centers for irritable bowel syndrome or other illnesses with symptoms with a median duration of 12 months to 2 years .

Another important difference between women with ovarian cancer and those who did not was the number of symptoms experienced. In this essay, the average number of symptoms among women with ovarian cancer was 8 compared with 4 in the primary care population, and averages of recurrent symptoms were 4 and 2, respectively (p = 0.01). We also found significant differences in mean symptoms between women with benign tumors and those who had tumors. The average number of symptoms in patients with benign tumors was 4, compared with 8 in patients with ovarian cancer, and the average recurrent symptoms was 2 compared to 4, respectively.

While this study found that women attending primary care were often vague symptoms that could be associated with ovarian cancer, the major difference was that these symptoms were less severe and less frequent when compared with those of the patients suffering from ovarian cancer. Typically, symptoms occur 2 or 3 times per month and are often associated with menses, which could explain why these vague symptoms begin to be less common and frequent as a woman ages. In addition, women with ovarian cancer have symptoms of recent onset and multiple manifestations coexist.

The study adds more evidence, they conclude, that ovarian cancer is a silent disease. It is important to emphasize that most patients with symptoms of the list of 20 conditions studied did not have ovarian cancer. However, this initial study provides further definition of symptoms typically associated, they add, with ovarian cancer and provides valuable information both for women and their doctors. More severe symptoms, more frequent than expected and of more recent diagnostic warrant further investigation. It is more likely that these symptoms are associated with ovarian masses, many of which may be malignant.

NOTE: We recommend that you take this article informative manner, before any symptoms you or your acquaintances suffer concur with your doctor. “No information supplants the scrutiny of the specialist.”

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More severe symptoms or more frequent than expected and newly emerging diagnostic warrant further investigation because it is more likely to be associated with both benign and malignant ovarian masses.

Introduction

Ovarian cancer has been called the “silent murderer”, because it is believed that the symptoms do not appear until the advanced stages of the disease, when chances for cure are limited. However, several retrospective studies indicated that most patients have symptoms, although not necessarily a gynecological nature. These studies were criticized by the small number of patients included and the retrospective analysis used for data collection.

The aim of this study was to identify the frequency, severity and duration of symptoms typically associated with ovarian cancer in a population of women presenting in primary care. Comparisons were made with 128 patients with ovarian masses were monitored for symptoms prior to surgery, and before the establishment of the diagnosis of cancer or benign tumor.

Material and methods

The participants were given a list of 20 symptoms that are typically associated with ovarian cancer and included pain, feeding difficulties, abdominal symptoms, bladder, bowel, menstrual sex-related and constitutional. They were asked to evaluate on a scale of severity of 5 points. It also collected data on age, race, number of births, education, medical history and reasons for clinic visit, during a period of 6 months.

A second group of women who had undergone surgery to remove a pelvic mass or ovarian filled in a form identical with respect to symptoms during the previous year.
Statistical correlations were considered significant with a p value less than 0.05.

Results

In primary care, 1 709 women completed the survey during the period of 6 months. The mean age was 45 years and 430 of the patients made a visit for a checkup, mammography and 224 to 1 055 by specific problems.

Among women presenting for primary care, 95% reported at least one symptom in the past year. The most common were back pain (60%), asthenia (52%), dyspepsia (37%), urinary tract disorders (35%), constipation (33%) and abdominal pain (28%). The average number of symptoms was 4, and the average severity was between 2 and 3. In 72% of cases the symptoms occurred at least 1 time per month.

Among the 128 women with pelvic masses who completed the survey of symptoms, 84 had benign lesions or tumors of low grade malignancy. In patients with benign disease the mean age was 55, and 95% had reported symptoms during the previous year. The average number of symptoms was 4 and the average number of recurring symptoms was 2. In the group with malignant tumors the mean age was 55, and 94% of women reported symptoms during the previous year, with 67% who had recurrent symptoms. The average number of symptoms was 8 and recurrent symptoms, 4.

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It develops mainly in women between 50 and 70 years, globally, about 1 in every 7 women develop the disease. It is the third most common cancer of female reproductive system, but instead more women die of ovarian cancer than any other affecting the reproductive system.

Causes

Currently, it is unknown how and why ovarian cancer appears. However, known various hormonal and reproductive factors may favor its emergence as infertility or a small number of pregnancies. Genetic factors are decisive in only 10-15% of cases. In these cases are associated with breast cancer and ovary in the same family or even in one person. It is suspected that environmental factors like dietary fat, using talcum powder or some viral infections, may have some importance in the emergence of this disease. It is estimated that 1.5% of women are diagnosed with this disease during their lifetime. Although ovarian cancer can occur in youth, the vast majority of cases occur after menopause.

Symptoms

It is a disease that usually produces few symptoms and may reach very large sizes before causing them. The first symptom may be a slight discomfort in the lower abdomen, similar to indigestion; uterine bleeding is uncommon. The fact that a postmenopausal patient have larger ovaries may be an early sign of cancer, although its growth may also be due to cysts, noncancerous masses and other disorders. Also, you may receive fluid in the abdomen and it can swell, because this or ovarian enlargement. At this stage, women may have pelvic pain, anemia and weight loss. In rare cases, cancer of the ovary secretes hormones that cause an overgrowth of the uterine lining, an increase in breast size or increased hair development.

Prevention

Ovarian cancer is less common in women who have had several children. It is also less common among women who have taken oral contraceptives for years. However, no study has shown that this lower probability of ovarian cancer in women who have taken contraceptives will be offset by other side effects such as increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and possibly other tumors. So do not justify its preemptive use in the general population. A special case is the very high risk women, such as those with a hereditary syndrome of breast and ovarian cancer (BRCA), which is studying the protective role of ovulation and can even be proposed to the patient, removal of both ovaries at age 35 if he has fulfilled his desire to offspring.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of ovarian cancer in its earliest stages is difficult to establish because the symptoms usually do not appear until the cancer has spread and that many other less serious diseases have similar symptoms.

The diagnosis is usually suspected when a pelvic mass is detected in a routine gynecological examination. The ultrasound, tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging and a blood test called CA-125 become more firm this suspicion which will be confirmed in the operation.

Treatments

The factor that most determines the chances of success in treating ovarian cancer is surgery to remove the tumor completely. In most cases completely removes the uterus and both ovaries are removed or biopsied regional nodes, and smears and biopsies are taken around the abdomen. Tumors in young women with very early and who want children can sometimes opt for a conservative surgery to preserve fertility. Except in some aggressive tumors and in very early stages always given chemotherapy after surgery. Ovarian cancer in its early stages is highly curable. In intermediate and advanced stages survival results are worse but have improved greatly in recent years. In any case, remains the most deadly gynecological tumor cause. Apart from the advances occurring in the treatment, the decrease in deaths from this disease could result from the prevention and early diagnosis.

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