Archive for the ‘Cancer Diagnosis’ Category

STAGE INFORMATION

Friday, June 4th, 2010

STAGE INFORMATION The anal canal extends from the rectum to the perianal skin, and is lined by a mucous membrane that covers the internal sphincter. Below is a classification system for anal canal cancer has been described by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC by its acronym in English) and the International Union Against Cancer. Margin tumors anal (located below the anal verge and involving the perianal skin with hair) are classified with skin tumors.

TNM Definitions
Primary tumor (T)

TX: Can not evaluate the primary tumor
T0: No evidence of primary tumor
Tis: Carcinoma in situ
T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension (more…)

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Head and Neck Cancer

Wednesday, April 21st, 2010

Cancer in the head and neck cancer includes cancer of the mouth, nose, sinuses, salivary glands, throat and lymph nodes in the neck. Most begin in the moist tissues around the mouth, nose and throat. Symptoms include:

* A lump or sore that will not heal
* Sore throat that does not go away
* Difficulty swallowing
* Voice changes or hoarseness (more…)

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The enormous importance of Selenium

Monday, March 1st, 2010

In recent years the interest in trace elements and, in particular, selenium has been increasing dramatically so that it is essential to pay attention again, especially by the latest findings published.
Selenium was discovered in 1817 when a Swedish scientist found a red residue in the waste material formed during the production of sulfuric acid on a copper sulfide mine in Falun (Sweden). Because their chemical properties were similar to tellurium is described as such … until shortly after J. J. Berzelius found that this was a new element with unique properties.

Selenium is part of an enzyme, glutathione peroxidase, which is responsible for ensuring the destruction of hydrogen peroxide formed in the oxidative reactions. It is therefore a vital element.
In selenium deficiency theory should not be a problem because food is so common as grains, meat, seafood, etc.., But it’s not because the current overexploitation of the land prevents fields containing adequate minerals and that they become part of the diet of livestock or humans.

In fact, many researchers have already sounded the alarm about the problems associated with deficiency of this mineral and investigations are only beginning to define the many functions that selenium has. Let’s highlight the most relevant:

In coronary disease

In 1988 Michelson found that there was a relationship between heart disease and the lack of selenium in the body. It has also been able to demonstrate its effectiveness in preventing and controlling cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. But not only protects the heart through the production of glutathione peroxide but also can limit the body burden of toxic metals like mercury, lead, cadmium and others who are capable of damaging the heart tissue.

It is also necessary to maintain levels of coenzyme Q10, a substance essential for the heart.
Glutathione peroxidase combat oxidation of lipids in the arteries and reduces platelet aggregation. His absence has a direct impact on the inhibition of prostacyclin synthase enzyme essential for the production of a vasodilator produced by vascular endothelium.

As protection of DNA

Selenium helps protect genetic material against free radicals.

Selenium and cancer

Its relation to the prevention of cancer is well documented. Several epidemiological studies have established that there is a clear and direct relationship between low blood selenium and cancer.

In 1996 he published what may be the cancer prevention study most successful in the U.S., conducted by the National Cancer Institute between 1312 volunteers. Were administered 200 mcg of selenium daily, and the result was a 49% decrease in the mortality rate of the three most common cancers: lung, prostate and colorectal. That shows that we need more selenium in the diet you provide.

Moreover, according to a study from Stanford University low selenium levels significantly increase the risk of prostate cancer. And according to American and Chinese researchers, a large proportion of cases of esophageal cancer and stomach cancer in Linxian (China) are epidemic in nature and can be attributed to low levels of selenium in the population.

Collaborators from the National Institutes of Health in Maryland (USA), meanwhile, examined the association between serum selenium and the development of squamous cell esophageal cancer and gastric adenocarcinoma. According to the results, the researchers estimated that 26.4% of cancers of the heart can be attributed to low levels of selenium in blood.

It also is studying the application of selenium in skin cancers induced by ultraviolet B radiation as it could mediate the genetic material mutation, oxidative damage and immunosuppression.

Detoxifies Action

Selenium protects against the toxic effects of cadmium and arsenic antagonist, silver, mercury and copper, thus reducing their toxicity.

Selenium and the brain

Evidence suggests this mineral supplements reduced in number and intensity of seizures. Coupled with vitamin E and zinc reduced cognitive decline in older people. It is also able to improve mood, anxiety, depression, hostility, and mental confusion.

The role of selenium in AIDS

It seems that maintaining an optimal level of selenium involves more than replenish this loss and strengthen the immune system. Its effectiveness is based on inhibition of virus-related substance called reverse transcriptase. Selenium-dependent viruses to grow and replicate but a deficiency of the mineral makes the virus active.

In fact, it has been shown that when laboratory-specific viruses including hepatitis B and influenza viruses (common cold) – they are deprived of selenium may mutate into more dangerous forms.

His influence on fertility

Selenium participates directly in the synthesis of testosterone and the formation and development of sperm and its deficiency decreases sperm motility. Along with folic acid and zinc, selenium is also crucial for preventing neural tube defects in newborns.

Inflammatory disorders

Selenium levels are low in people affected by rheumatoid arthritis, combined with vitamin E and other antioxidants, have helped alleviate the symptoms of the disease. Because glutathione peroxidase is selenium known anti-inflammatory action is also effective for treating conditions such as asthma, colitis and psoriasis.

Cataracts

It has been shown in laboratory studies with rats that lack of selenium can induce cataracts. And in humans has shown that the lenses affected by cataract had a lower selenium than required.

It is, finally, that excess selenium can be toxic. Should therefore be careful with their intake as a supplement, especially if you follow a diet too rich in that mineral. Therefore be taken with caution and always on the prescription of a professional.

(Remember the reader to follow both the treatment and the dosages to prescribe in cases of illness are the work of a specialist health and no way to use this article as a basis for treatment, only as a guidance and illustrative).

credit to: José Ramón Llorente

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Causes colorectal cancers/Colon cancer

Saturday, January 30th, 2010

Until now, not known for sure what causes colorectal cancers. Can not be explained, why the person is exposed to this cancer and others do not. But what is certain is that colorectal cancer is not a contagious disease. There are several risk factors that cause a person to be vulnerable to colorectal cancer are:
colon cancer
* Age, colorectal cancer usually attacked more frequently in old age. More than 90 percent of the disease affects patients over the age of 50 years. Although at a younger age than 50 years can be affected. Approximately 3% of cancer patients in this attack under the age of 40 years.

* Colorectal Polyp, is the growth of tumors in the inner wall of the colon and rectum. Often occurs at the age above 50 years. Most of this polyp is benign tumor, but some can turn into cancer. Discovered and raised this polyp can reduce the risk of colorectal cancers. (more…)

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Metastases In Cervical Cancer

Tuesday, January 26th, 2010

Cervical CancerCervical cancer can be in several ways:

* Straight through growth in the area
* By metastases in the lymfbaan
* By metastases in the blood

If the cancer grows, it may penetrate the underlying muscle layer of the pelvic floor, in the vagina or the uterus, at a later stage in the bladder, the rectum or the abdominal cavity.

There may also be detached and tumor cells through the lymphatic and / or blood dissemination. If metastases occur, especially in cervical cancer through the illnesses of the circulatory. Dissemination through the blood of cervical cancer occurs less often and then only at a later stage. Then metastases occur in the lungs, bones or liver. (more…)

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Abdominal typhus diagnosis

Saturday, January 16th, 2010

Abdominal typhus (typhoid fever, enteric fever) is an acute infectious disease of the gastrointestinal tract bias of the symptoms of fever for more than a week, gastrointestinal disorders and disorders of consciousness.
thypus diagnosis
Aetiology

Salmonella typhi, gram-negative bacilli, moving with her hair, not berspra. Have at least 3 kinds of antigen O antigen (somatic), H antigen (flagella) and Vi antigen.

Pathogenesis

from bacteria enter the gastrointestinal tract, required number of serratus thousand to one billion in order to cause infection. Used by most of the bacteria killed by stomach acid. The bacteria that remain alive will go into the ileum through the microvilli and achieve  plaque, then enter the blood vessels (bacteremia). In the next stage, s.typoii to retikoendotial organ system (more…)

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Breast Cancer

Monday, January 11th, 2010

Being ‘breast cancer‘ creates fear that the outside can be for women, in addition merciless, this cancer often comes suddenly, without permission.

But with the increasing awareness of women to conduct routine checks on her breasts. So, more day mortality rate of this cancer can be reduced further. Especially in patients under the age of 30 years. But if it turns out this cancer was already residing in your body, given the very rapid development of stage 1 to hopeless only takes less than five years. So you must be willing to do various kinds of tests, examinations and undergo a series of super-intensive treatment. All this was done so that the development of cancer cells can be identified wild spreading rate. This is called the ’stage’. No need to panic, because the progress of medical technology is growing day by day. So there are many possibilities for you to escape from this deadly disease.
So, wants to know more details about the stadium and a variety of medical terms that must be passed by breast cancer?
breast cancerHere are his notes:

Stage 1
At this stage, cancerous lump no more than 2 cm and can not be detected from outside. A very systematic treatment will be given at this stage of cancer, the aim is that cancer cells can not spread and did not continue on the next stage. At this stage, the possibility of full recovery of patients was 70%.

Stage 2
At this stage, the possibility of patient recovery is 30 – 40% depending on the extent of the spread of cancer cells. Usually cancer lump size was more than 2 even get to the level of 5 cm and had already spread to the armpit area. Or it can also measure the cancer has reached 5 centimeters but has not spread anywhere. Usually performed surgery to remove cancer cells that have spread to all parts, and radiation after surgery performed to ensure no more cancer cells left behind. (more…)

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Cancer Diagnosis

Tuesday, December 22nd, 2009

The psychiatric or psychological support provided to people with cancer a better quality of life because they can better comply with treatment.

There are many myths about cancer and the way in which people deal with it, such as: all people with cancer are depressed, depression in a person with cancer is normal treatments do not help all people with cancer faces suffering and a painful death. Sadness and grief are normal reactions to the crisis that must be addressed during an illness of cancer. (more…)

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