Dr. Howard Kaufman of Chicago’s Rush University Medical Center, says: “Our studies show clearly that we are: we have a cure for melanoma and develop drugs that could save thousands of lives every year.”

The figures are dramatic: in the last 25 years the rate of melanoma in the UK alone has increased dramatically compared to other types of cancer, and kills more than 2,000 victims a year.

New studies on the remedy group Kaufman showed amazing results: 16% of patients had been diagnosed in only 9 months of life is completely healed. Another 28% saw less than halved the size of his melanoma.

The drug will be ready within the next 5 years through a special process of rapid testing. We’re almost there!

Decisions about surgery depend on many factors. You and your doctor determine the type of surgery that is best for you depending on the stage of cancer, cancer personality, and is acceptable for you in terms of your long-term peace of mind.

In our to expect at each period of operation can, to learn the basic steps for all operations of breast cancer.

If you must choose between surgeries, mastectomy vs. lumpectomy explains the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Lumpectomy, also known as a lumpectomy involves removing only the tumor and a small amount of surrounding tissue.
Amputation of the breast is the removal of all breast tissue. Mastectomy is more sophisticated and less intrusive than before, because in most cases, the muscles under the breast are not removed.
The removal of lymph nodes or axillaries dissection may occur during the lumpectomy and mastectomy as the biopsy shows that cancer has spread beyond the milk duct. Some people are eligible for less invasive Sentinel lymph node dissection of the lymph nodes.
Breast reconstruction is the breast reconstruction after mastectomy and lumpectomy sometimes. Reconstruction can take place at the same time as cancer surgery for the deletion, or several months or years later. Some women decide not to have reconstruction and opt for prosthesis.
Prophylactic mastectomy prophylactic breast removal to risk of breast cancer among high-risk individuals below.
Prophylactic removal of the ovaries is a preventive operation that the amount of estrogen in the body decreases, making it difficult for estrogen to stimulate the development of breast cancer.
Types of Surgery of Breast Cancer?
The types of surgery for breast cancer differ in the amount of tissue removed with the tumor; according to the characteristics of the tumor are whether it has spread (metastatic), and your personal feelings. The surgeon will often remove the lymph nodes under the arm, as part of the operation, so they can be tested for the presence of cancer cells. This will help your doctor about your treatment plan after surgery.

The surgeon will discuss with you your options for surgery. A specific surgical procedure may be recommended for you based on the size, location or type of cancer you have. Some of the procedures that you may discuss with your doctor:

lumpectomy
partial mastectomy or quadrantectomy or segment
mastectomy
radical mastectomy
radical mastectomy
Lumpectomy For Breast Cancer
This is also known as breast conservative treatment. The surgeon removes the tumor and a margin of surrounding healthy tissue. A second incision can be done to remove the lymph nodes. The purpose is to maintain a normal breast appearance when the transaction is completed.

After the lumpectomy, is a period of five to eight-week course of radiotherapy often used to treat the remaining breast tissue? The majority of women with small candidates early stage breast cancer are excellent for this therapeutic approach.

Women who do not normally qualify for a lumpectomy radiation even those already on the affected breast, two or more areas of breast cancer in the same people who are too distant from each other by an incision, or have cancer which is not completely removed during the lumpectomy surgery.

Quadrantectomy
In a partial mastectomy or quadrantectomy or segmental, the surgeon removes more breast tissue than a lumpectomy. Cancer and a margin of surrounding healthy tissue are removed, and radiation is usually given after surgery for six or eight weeks.

Single Or a Total Mastectomy
With a simple mastectomy or total, the entire breast removed, but not the lymph nodes are removed in this process. Simple mastectomy is the most used for the prevention of cancer or if cancer is not going to lymph nodes.

Modified Radical Mastectomy
The surgeon removes all breast tissue with the nipple in a modified radical mastectomy. Lymph nodes in the armpit are also removed. Chest muscles remain intact. For many patients, a mastectomy is accompanied either by an immediate reconstruction and delayed breast. This can be done very efficiently by using breast implants or the patient’s own tissues – usually the abdomen.

When a radical mastectomy is used to treat breast cancer, the surgeon removes the entire breast tissue with nipple and the axillaries lymph nodes in the chest wall muscles under the breast. This procedure is now rarely performed because modified radical mastectomy has proven to be effective, and less unsightly.

You may be asked to donate blood before surgery for breast cancer, in case a transfusion becomes necessary.

You should carefully consider the surgical options with your doctor, the best results. Whatever the type of surgery is your best option, you can go home after a short hospital stay.

“These markers allow us to know whether a tumor is present carcinogenic, but also to know its type and aggressiveness,” said Sheriff about Ella, Professor of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Sherbrook.

To compare breast cancer samples and healthy, the researchers used the new platform RNomics Genome Québec and University de Sherbrook, robotic equipment located in the Functional Genomics Laboratory of the University.

By scanning the RNA – ribonucleic acid, or – to find a specific pattern of disease that researchers have isolated 41 molecular markers linked to breast cancer that affect the functioning and the rate of protein secretion.

The hope cherished researchers would be able to identify good markers to allow detection of proteins in a single incriminating blood. A test is less invasive and even easier!

Breast cancer strikes one in nine women in Canada. More than 430 Canadians each week to learn they have it. Of these, one in four will die from the consequences of the disease.

After the signing of ovarian cancer by the same team discovered early last year, this is another cancer that could be detected more quickly. The results of this study are published in a recent issue of the journal Cancer Research.

The radiation treatments will be monitored by a radiation oncologist, a physician specializing in radiation therapy of tumors.

Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is using a large machine called a linear accelerator for the precise amounts of high-energy rays to kill cancer cells provide. The radiation stops the reproduction of tumor cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissue. Radiation therapy has been shown that survival in women with breast cancer to improve.

Radiotherapy for breast cancer can be used:

after lumpectomy or mastectomy alone or in combination with chemotherapy, to reduce the risk of cancer grows again in the chest.
The main treatment for breast cancer and the surgeon believes the tumor can not be removed safely and the woman’s health is not a possible or if the woman chooses not to have surgery.
to treat cancer that has spread to bone and brain.
to relieve pain or other problems, if the cancer returns.
Unintended effects of Radiation Therapy
Radiotherapy is painless. However, some women experience side effects, which may include:

redness, discomfort and dryness of the skin in the treated area. Your doctor will recommend a specific treatment, if this happens. The redness may last until one year to fade.
fatigue, usually two to three weeks after treatment begins. The increases in fatigue during the duration of treatment and goes away about a months after the end of treatment. Fatigue should not disable. Most women go through a nap or go to bed earlier.
lower blood counts. Your blood will be checked regularly, especially if also receiving chemotherapy.
Sometimes women also experience a sore mouth or throat, dry mouth or, if these areas are irradiated.

During irradiation of breast cancer, women should:

Contact your doctor if you develop unusual symptoms such as coughing, sweating, fever, pain or unusual.
ensure adequate rest and eat a healthy diet.
for regular blood tests, as prescribed by your doctor.
be more gentle with the area. Avoid tight clothing or something that rubs.
protect the area from sun exposure
apply moisturizer after radiation was completed.
Many advances in radiotherapy for breast cancer have helped women to avoid side effects long term. However, they may occur and include:

rib fractures, which tend to heal without treatment (less than 1%)
pulmonary inflammation, which tends to resolve on its own (less than 1%)
damage to the heart (the old methods of radiotherapy has caused more problems. New advances avoid direct radiation to the heart.)
scar
Very rarely, radiotherapy are associated with other tumors such as Kaposi’s
Side Effects During Treatment
Radiotherapy can cause side effects during treatment. You

redness and irritation of the skin
discomfort and swelling of the breast or chest
fatigue
You can not notice the effects until a few weeks you’ve had a treatment. They begin to feel better when the treatment ends. But you may feel tired for several months.

Back

Side Effects After Treatment
For most women the appearance of the breast after radiotherapy is very good. But if you’re worried about the potential side effects, talk radio or care therapist breast nurse. You can also find it helpful to look at the main section on side effects of radiotherapy.

Radiation therapy may affect the risk of some types of breast reconstruction, but otherwise may be suitable for you. Reconstruction of tissue expansion is usually not possible after radiotherapy to the breast because the skin becomes less elastic post. Some forms of breast reconstruction with tissue can not be, as the area of the breast is a good supply of blood for this type of surgery. Radiotherapy reduces blood flow to the area.

Radiotherapy is a lasting effect on the skin and any tissue in the left breast after breast conservation surgery. You might find that

breast tissue more solid
reduction of breast tissue
swelling of the breast area
small red spots on skin
dark skin

Chemotherapy is the use of anti-cancer (cytotoxic) drugs to destroy cancer cells. The goal of chemotherapy is the maximum damage to cancer cells while doing so that the minimal damage to normal tissue. Women with chemotherapy for breast cancer:

before surgery to reduce cancer. This is known as neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.
After the operation, as the doctors that there is a risk of recurrence of cancer. This is known as adjuvant chemotherapy.
When chemotherapy is used?
There are several situations in which chemotherapy may be recommended.

Adjuvant chemotherapy: Systemic therapy administered to patients with no evidence of tumor after surgery is called adjuvant therapy. Although surgery is used to display all cancers that can be removed, adjuvant therapy are used to destroy any cancer cells left behind can not be seen. Adjuvant therapy after breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy reduces the risk of breast cancer return. Both chemotherapy and hormonal therapy can be used as adjuvant treatment.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, chemotherapy given before surgery is called neoadjuvant therapy. Often the same therapy neoadjuvant chemotherapy used as adjuvant therapy used (it is only granted for the operation rather than later). In terms of survival, there is no difference between giving chemotherapy before or after surgery. The great advantage of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is that it is possible to reduce the large tumors are therefore small enough to be removed by lumpectomy instead of mastectomy. Another possible benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is that physicians can see how the cancer responds to chemotherapy. If the tumor does not shrink, the doctor may try different chemotherapeutic drugs.
Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer: Chemotherapy can also be used as a treatment of choice for women who have breast cancer and outside the armpit area distributed at the time of diagnosis is made, or if it spreads after treatments Home. The duration of treatment depends on whether the tumor is shrinking, as it shrinks, and how a woman tolerates the treatment.
As You like It Chemotherapy drugs are usually given to you as an outpatient, either by injection into a vein (intravenously) or in the form of tablets. Chemotherapy into a vein, as one session of treatment, usually within a few hours. This is followed by a rest period of several weeks, allowing the body to recover from any adverse treatment. A complete cycle of chemotherapy is likely to take 4-6 months.

Drug Used
There are many different chemotherapy drugs used to treat breast cancer, and are often used in combination (called chemotherapy).

The chemotherapy drugs most common are:

cyclophosphamide
epirubicin
fluorouracil (5FU) (5FU)
methotrexate
Paclitaxel (Taxol) (Taxol)
doxorubicin (adriamycin ®) (Adriamycin ®)
docetaxel (Taxotere ®). (Taxotere ®).
Other drugs may also be used.
Commonly used chemotherapy combinations are:

FEC – 5FU, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide
AC – doxorubicin (adriamycin ®) and cyclophosphamide
CMF – cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5FU
E-CMF – epirubicin and CMF
FEC-T – FEC plus docetaxel (Taxotere ®).
It is able to offer a wide range of chemotherapy treatments, such as the different combinations have different effects.

The search is always conducted to improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy and reduce side effects and you may be asked to participate in research studies | Compare different forms of chemotherapy.

Benefits of chemotherapy

Cancer in women is unlikely to return, chemotherapy alone may reduce the risk of cancer returning (recurrence) with a small amount. In women where the chances that the cancer came back later, chemotherapy can significantly reduce the risk of relapse. Your doctor can let you know how chemotherapy is likely to make a difference in your case. They can also tell the possible side effects.

Side Effects
Chemotherapy drugs can cause unpleasant side effects, but these can usually well control with medication. Side effects occur depends on the drugs that you provided.

Everyone is different and responds to treatment with chemotherapy in a different way. Some people have very few side effects, while others will be many. Almost all the side effects are only short term and will gradually disappear after treatment is stopped.

Side effects occur with all chemotherapeutic drugs. They are more severe with higher doses and increase during treatment.

Common side effects
nausea and vomiting. Drugs such as ondansetron (Zofran) and aprepitant (EMEND) can help relieve these side effects.
diarrhea
Temporary hair loss
Weight Loss
fatigue
depression
Serious short-and long-term complications can also occur and may vary depending on the specific drugs. These may include:

anemia. The anemia induced by chemotherapy is usually treated with erythropoietin stimulating agents, which epoietin Alfa (Epogen, Procrit) and darberpetin alfa (Aranesp) includes. ESAs should not be used unless the patient’s hemoglobin drops below 10 g / dl. These drugs can cause serious health risks if used for a hemoglobin level of 12 g / dl or more. Physicians must follow strict guidelines when administering the dose of these drugs. Patients should discuss the risks and benefits of ESAs with their oncologists.
increased risk of infection, with severe reduction in white blood cells (neutropenia). The addition of a drug called granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim and lenograstim) may help reduce the risk of serious infections.
damage to liver and kidneys.
Abnormal blood clotting (thrombocytopenia).
allergic reaction, particularly platinum-based drugs.
menstrual abnormalities and infertility. Early menopause occurs in approximately 30% of women receiving chemotherapy, especially in the more than 40. A drug is a hormone gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue that puts women in pre puberty temporary state during chemotherapy may preserve fertility in some women. Women may also consider the cryopreservation of embryos – the collection of eggs, followed by in vitro fertilization and cryopreservation of embryos for later use. American Society of Clinical Oncology suggests that women undergoing treatment for cancer see a specialist in reproductive health to discuss all available options for preservation of fertility.
sexual dysfunction.
In rare cases, secondary cancers such as leukemia.
quarter to one third of women report problems in concentration, motor function and memory, which may in the long term.
heart problems. Trastuzumab (Herceptin) may increase the risk of heart failure, particularly in women with pre-existing risk factors. Cumulative doses of anthracyclines (doxorubicin, epirubicin) can also damage heart muscles over time and increase the risk of heart failure.
Taxanes could lead to a decrease in white blood cells and possible problems in the heart and central nervous system. Allergic reactions may occur more often than TAXOTERE Taxol. Taking a steroid before taxane administration can help prevent such reactions. Therapy with taxanes may also cause severe joint and muscle pain in some patients, relievable with corticosteroids.

After breast cancer is diagnosed and staged, the team recommended medical treatment. The treatment plan will be based on the type of cancer you have, the size, quality and biological characteristics of cancer, hormonal status, and your general health.

There are five standard treatment: surgery and radiation typically used for local control of breast cancer and lymph nodes and chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and biological agents, usually reserved for disease control potential in the rest of the body.

Surgery
The objectives of breast cancer surgery to remove the tumor tissue and to analyze the type, quality, size, hormonal status and metastasis possible. Prevention of recurrence of breast cancer is the top priority of your surgeon. You have some choices about what kind of surgery, depending on tumor size and location. If you have a mastectomy, reconstruction can also be an option.

Diagnostic surgery is done to determine if cancer is really present, and if it is widespread. Procedures include breast biopsy, sentinel lymph node biopsy and removal of axillary dissection

Getting treatment standards, which are used to remove the cancer, are: lumpectomy, quadrantectomy, partial mastectomy, modified radical

Radiation
DNA is the code that serves as the planning for all processes of the body and features. Tumor cells grow in a disorderly and uncontrolled due to disturbances in DNA. Radiotherapy works by causing severe damage to DNA abnormal disruption of the signals for growth and prevent cell division. Healthy cells surrounding the tumor can survive the radiation, with a range of side effects. Radiation technology has improved, more focused and effective.

There are two types of radiotherapy: external beam, brachytherapy internal beam

Chemotherapy
And the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells, and chemotherapy targets rapidly diving cells in your body. Chemotherapy is considered systemic therapy, because, as systemic tumor metastases, it goes everywhere in the systems of your body. Chemotherapy is used to kill cancer cells and prevent relapse. Chemotherapy can be used in all stages of breast cancer. Although commonly used in phase two, three, or four, the first phase, many patients who can benefit from this therapy can be identified.

Schedules and forms of chemotherapy: adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, stem cells and bone marrow transplantation

Most drugs are: Adriamycin, Cytoxan, methotrexate, 5-Fluorouracil, Cytoxan, Taxol
Life during chemotherapy may include:

Side effects nausea, vomiting, fatigue, hair loss, etc.
booster shots of white and red blood cell
frequent blood tests CBC
Blood transfusions
Tumor markers
Targeted biological therapies
These therapies are designed to interrupt the processes that contribute to the further growth of cancer cells. These treatments include Tykerb, Herceptin, Avastin and Iressa

Hormone therapy
Breast cancers are often dependent on estrogen for their growth. Anti-hormone therapy estrogen starves tumor cells need estrogen to grow, allowing the cancer cell death. This type of treatment can be provided for the operation, or simultaneously with radiation. You may need to take hormone therapy for five years after completing primary treatment to prevent recurrence.

Hormone therapy may include:

Estrogen receptor blocker tamoxifen, raloxifene
aromatase inhibitors Aromasin, Arimidex, Femara
oopherectomy surgical removal of the ovaries
Faslodex chemical ovarian suppression

Surgery
Most patients with breast cancer surgery to remove breast cancer. Some lymph nodes under the arm are usually outside and looked under a microscope to see if they contain cancer cells.

Breast-sparing surgery, surgery to remove the tumor, but not the breast itself, includes the following:

Lumpectomy: surgery to remove a tumor (solution) and a small amount of surrounding healthy tissue.
Partial mastectomy: surgery for the breast cancer and some normal tissue around it. This procedure is also called a segmental mastectomy.
Patients treated with breast-conserving surgery may also be a number of lymph nodes under the arm are removed for biopsy. This procedure is called lymph node dissection. It can be done at the same time, such as breast-conserving surgery or after. Node dissection is performed through a separate incision.

Other forms of intervention are as follows:

Total mastectomy: surgery to remove the whole breast that has cancer. This procedure is called a simple mastectomy. Some lymph nodes under the arm can be removed for biopsy at the same time as the breast or after surgery. This is done through a separate incision.
Modified radical mastectomy: surgery to remove the whole breast that has cancer, many of the lymph nodes under the arm, the lining of the chest muscles and sometimes part of the muscles of the chest wall.
Radical mastectomy: surgery to remove the breast, chest wall muscles under the breast is, and all lymph nodes under the arm. This procedure is called a Halsted radical mastectomy.
Even if your doctor of all cancers that can be seen when the delete operation, some patients may be given radiation therapy, chemotherapy or hormonal therapy after surgery are cancer cells left to kill. Treatment given after surgery to reduce the risk that the cancer will return is called adjuvant therapy.

If a patient has a mastectomy to breast reconstruction (surgery to reconstruct the shape of the breast after a mastectomy) may be considered. Breast reconstruction can be done at the time of mastectomy or at a later date. Breast reconstruction can be made of its own (no breast patient), tissue or by using implants filled with saline or silicone gel. Before the decision to implant is made, patients can call the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Devices and Radiological Health 1-888-info-FDA (1-888-463-6332) or visit the FDA website for more information about breast implants.

Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is a treatment for cancer that uses high-energy X-rays or other radiation to kill cancer cells or to continue to grow. There are two types of radiation therapy. External radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the cancer. Internal radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters that are placed directly into or near the cancer. The way the radiation therapy is given depends on the type and stage of tumor.

Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is a treatment for cancer drugs that block the growth of tumor cells used either to kill cells or prevent them from dividing. When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle, the drugs in the blood and can reach cancer cells throughout the body (systemic chemotherapy). When chemotherapy is placed directly into the spinal column, an organ or a body cavity such as the abdomen, it acts primarily to cancer cells in those areas (regional chemotherapy).The way the chemotherapy is given depends on the type and stage of tumor.

Hormone therapy
Hormone therapy is a cancer treatment that removes hormones or blocks their action and stops cancer cells from growing. Hormones are substances produced by glands in the body and circulated in the blood. Some hormones can cause certain cancers to grow. If the tests show that cancer cells have places where hormones can attach (receptors), drugs, surgery or radiation is used for the production of hormones to reduce or stop the work. The hormone estrogen, which some breast cancers grow mainly by the ovaries. Treatment to stop making estrogen the ovaries is called ovarian ablation.

Hormone therapy with tamoxifen is often administered to patients with early stage breast cancer and those with metastatic breast cancer (cancer that has spread to other parts of the body). Hormone therapy with tamoxifen or estrogens can act on cells throughout the body and can increase the risk of developing cancer of the endometrium. Tamoxifen women have a pelvic examination every year for signs of cancer. Any vaginal bleeding other than menstrual bleeding, must be reported to a doctor as soon as possible.

Hormonal treatment with an aromatize inhibitor is given to some postmenopausal women with hormone-dependent breast cancer. Hormone-dependent breast cancer needs the hormone estrogen to grow. Aromatize inhibitors reduce estrogen in the body by blocking the enzyme aromatize from turning androgen into estrogen.

For the treatment of early breast cancer, certain aromatize inhibitors may be used as adjuvant therapy instead of tamoxifen or after 2 or more years of tamoxifen. For the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, aromatize inhibitors have been tested in clinical trials to compare the hormonal therapy with tamoxifen.

Targeted Therapy
Targeted therapy is a form of therapy that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells. Monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinas inhibitors are two types of targeted therapies studied in the treatment of breast cancer.

Monoclonal antibody therapy is a cancer treatment that uses antibodies in the laboratory from a single type of immune cells. These antibodies can identify substances on cancer cells or normal substances that may help cancer cells grow. The antibodies attach to the substances and kill tumor cells, their growth, or keep them spread block. Monoclonal antibodies are given by infusion. They may only be used for or drugs, toxins, or radioactive material directly to tumor cells. Monoclonal antibodies can be used in combination with chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy.

Trastuzumab (Herceptin) is a monoclonal antibody that blocks the effects of growth factor protein HER2, which sends growth signals to cells of breast cancer. Approximately one quarter of patients with breast cancer have tumors that can be treated with trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy.

Tyrosine kinas inhibitors are targeted therapy drugs that block signals needed for tumors to grow. Tyrosine kinas inhibitors can be used in combination with other anticancer drugs as adjuvant therapy.

Lapatinib is a tyrosine kinas inhibitor that blocks the effects of the HER2 protein and other proteins in cancer cells. Can be used to treat patients with HER2 positive breast cancer that has progressed following treatment with trastuzumab

Chemotherapy usually contains a combination of drugs is often more effective than a single drug given alone. There are many combinations of drugs used to treat breast cancer. Ask your doctor for specific information and side effects can you expect from your chemotherapy drugs.

Because chemotherapy for breast cancer
Drugs for breast cancer chemotherapy intravenously (directly into a vein) or orally (by mouth). Once the drugs enter the bloodstream, they travel to all parts of the body to which cancer cells can spread outside the breast to achieve – so the chemotherapy is considered a “systemic” form of treatment for breast cancer.

Chemotherapy is administered in cycles of treatment, followed by a recovery period. The entire chemotherapy treatment takes several months to a year, depending on the type of certain drugs.

When you are given chemotherapy for breast cancer?

When breast cancer is confined to the breast or lymph nodes, chemotherapy may be given after a lumpectomy or mastectomy. This is known as adjuvant therapy and may help reduce the risk of recurrence of breast cancer.

Chemotherapy can be administered as a treatment of choice for women that the cancer has spread to other parts of the body beyond the breast and lymph nodes. This spread is called metastatic breast cancer and is available in a small number of women at diagnosis, or if the cancer comes back sometime after the initial treatment of localized (non-metastatic) breast cancer.

Chemotherapy can also be administered before surgery to shrink a tumor.

Work during chemotherapy for breast cancer
Most people are able to continue working while receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer. You can schedule your treatment during the day or just before the weekend, so they do not interfere with your work program. You can adjust the schedule while undergoing chemotherapy, especially if you have side effects.

If you receive adjuvant chemotherapy (after surgery for removal of all cancers known), it is possible for the doctor to directly determine whether the treatment works because there is no tumor left to evaluate. However, adjuvant chemotherapy has proved useful in studies where some women received chemotherapy, while others do not.

After the completion of adjuvant therapy, the doctor to evaluate your progress through regular physical examinations, routine mammograms, and appropriate tests as a new problem arises. If you are treated with chemotherapy for metastatic disease, progress is monitored by blood tests, scans and / or x-rays.

Possible Side effects of chemotherapy drugs
Specific side effects of chemotherapy occur depends on the type and amount of medication you receive and how long will take them. The most common side effects are temporary:

nausea and vomiting.
Loss of appetite.
Hair loss.
Mouth ulcers.
Changes in the menstrual cycle.
High risk of infection (due to decreased white blood cells).
Bruising or bleeding.
Fatigue.
Ask your health care provider about specific side effects can you expect from your specific chemotherapeutic drugs. Also discuss with your provider side effects that are worrying you or you can not manage.

Treatment of breast cancer with chemotherapy
Chemotherapy refers to the use of anti-cancer drugs to destroy cancer cells. The doctor determines that the drug and what is known as an oncologist. Chemotherapy can be used for three main purposes:

Adjuvant therapy: the goal is to help prevent or delay the cancer returns after the first surgery and radiotherapy. Even if the cancer appears to be confined to the breast and lymph nodes under the arm, there is a chance that all cells can spread to other areas that can not be seen. Chemotherapy is given to try to kill the cells.
Neo-adjuvant. Sometimes breast cancer is so great that shrinks for the first time with chemotherapy may make it easier to do an operation.
Treatment of metastatic disease. If the cancer shows in some parts of the body that the breast and lymph nodes under the arm, it is called metastatic disease. Chemotherapy is one of the main ways that cancer cells have spread to other parts of the dead body, and to help them live longer with good quality of life. Where to begin chemotherapy, what drugs to use and what to expect side effects vary from woman to woman. Women should discuss this with their doctors.
Common chemotherapy drugs for breast cancer
Some of the most common chemotherapy drugs used to treat breast cancer are:

Anthracyclines: this class of drugs includes doxorubicin (adriamycin), epirubicin (ellence) and liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil)
Taxane: This class of drugs includes docetaxel (Taxotere), paclitaxel (Taxol), and protein-bound paclitaxel (Abraxane)
cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Capecitabine (Xeloda) and 5 fluorouracil (5 FU)
vinorelbine (navelbine)
Gemcitabine (Gemzar)
trastuzumab (Herceptin): This drug is for use in women who have breast cancer HER-2 gene
Chemotherapy drugs are usually given weekly 2.4 cycles. In neo-adjuvant and adjuvant settings are usually in combinations of two or more drugs. Monotherapy (one drug at a time) can be a good choice for the treatment of breast cancer has already spread to other areas.

Chemotherapy for breast cancer

for breast cancer, chemotherapy is given either by mouth or injected into a vein daily, weekly or every 2-4 weeks. The treatment plan was designed for your specific condition. It can vary from someone else you know who had chemotherapy. For example, while some women in the hospital overnight to receive chemotherapy intravenously, others receive chemotherapy to once a day for a week in the office of their physician. Some patients receive chemotherapy in pill form.

Your doctor may suggest the following screening tests for breast cancer:

Screening mammography
clinical breast examination
self-examination
you should tell your doctor about when to start and how often to check for breast cancer.

Screening mammograms
to find breast cancer early, NCI recommends that women 40 years and older have mammograms every 1 to 2 years. A mammogram is a picture of the breast X-ray and women who are younger than 40 and are risk factors for breast cancer should ask their health care provider or to have mammograms and how often.

Mammograms can often show the chest down before they can be heard. They can also point to a group of small dots of calcium. These points are called micro calcifications. Lumps or spots may be cancer, precancerous cells, or other circumstances. Further tests are needed to determine whether abnormal cells are present.

If an abnormal area shows on your mammogram, you may have more x-rays. You may also need a biopsy. A biopsy is the only sure way to tell if cancer is present.

Mammograms are the best tool doctors find breast cancer early. However, mammograms are not perfect:

A mammogram may miss some cancers. (The result is a “false negative”.)
A mammogram may show things that do not seem to have cancer. (The result is a “false positive”.)
Some rapidly growing tumors can be large or spread to other parts of the body before a mammogram detects grow.
Mammography (and x-rays, and other routine x-rays) use very small doses of radiation. The risk of damage is low, but repeated x-rays can cause problems. Almost always the benefits outweigh the risks. You should talk with your healthcare provider about the need for each x-ray. You should also ask for shields to protect parts of the body that are not in the picture.

Clinical Breast Exam
During a clinical breast exam, your health care provider checks your breasts. There may be asked for your arms above your head, let it hang from the hips to increase, or press her hands against her hips.

Your health care provider looks for differences in size or shape between the breasts. The skin of the breast is checked for a rash, dimples, or other abnormal signs. Nipples may be squeezed to control the humidity.

Using the pads of your fingers to feel for lumps, your health care provider checks your entire breast, underarm and collarbone area. A lump is generally the size of a pea before anyone can feel. The examination is done on one side than the other. Your health care provider checks the lymph nodes near the breast to see if they enlarged. A thorough clinical breast exam may take about 10 minutes.

Self Examination of the breasts
you must perform monthly breast self-examination test papers to check for any changes in your breasts. It ‘important to remember that change can occur due to aging, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, menopause, or taking the pill or other hormones. It is normal for breasts to feel a bit ‘lumpy and uneven. It ‘also common for your breasts to be swollen and tender right before or during menstruation.

You should contact your insurance company if you have an unusual change in your breasts notice.

Self-examination tests can not replace regular screening mammography and clinical breast examinations. Studies have shown that breast self-examination exams alone reduce the number of deaths from breast cancer.

Symptoms of breast cancer
The most common symptoms of breast cancer are:

A change in how the breast or hear a sound or thickening in or near the breast or armpit area, nipples tenderness
A change in how the breast or watch the change in size or shape of the breast, a nipple turned inward into his chest, and the skin of the breast, areola, or nipple may be scaly, red or swollen. It may have ridges or pitting so that it looks like the peel of an orange.
Nipple discharge (fluid)
early breast cancer usually does not cause pain. However, a woman should see her health care provider about breast pain or other symptoms that do not go away. Usually these symptoms are not due to cancer. Other health problems can also cause them. Any woman with these symptoms should tell their doctor so that problems can be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women in North America and Europe. Nearly 200,000 cases of breast cancer was diagnosed in the United States in 2001. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in American women lung cancer. The risk the life of a woman developing breast cancer is about 1 in 8 although the lifetime risk of dying from breast cancer is much lower than 1-28. Men are also at risk of developing breast cancer, although this risk is much lower for women.

Normal Breast
No breast is typical. What is normal for you may not be normal for another woman. Most women say their breasts feel lumps or irregular. The way her breasts look and feel can be affected by getting your period, with children, the loss or weight gain, and taking certain medicines. Breasts also tend to change, such as age.

Lump in the breast
Many conditions can cause breast nodules, including cancer. Lump in the breast, but most are caused by other medical conditions. The two most common causes of breast lumps are cysts and fibrocystic breast condition. Fibrocystic condition causes noncancerous changes in the breast that you can lumpy, tender, and painful. Small cysts are fluid-filled blisters that may develop in the chest.

Tumors and breast cancer

Sometimes it is abnormal breast cells. These abnormal cells grow, divide and create new cells that the body does not need and do not function normally. The extra cells form a mass called tumor. Some tumors are benign or cancer. These tumors usually stay in one place in the chest and do not cause serious health problems. Other tumors are evil and his cancer. Breast cancer often begins in small to feel. As it develops, you can cover the breast to other parts of the body. This causes serious health problems and can cause death.

Breast cancer
The breast is a collection of glands and fatty tissue that lies between the skin and the chest wall. The glands in the production of breast milk after a woman has a child. Each gland is also called a lobe, and many lobules make up a lobe. There are 15-20 lobes in each breast. The milk glands to the nipple through tubes called ducts. The glands and ducts increase when a breast is filled with milk, but the fabric that is more responsible for the size and shape of the breast is fat. There are also blood vessels and lymphatics in the chest. Lymph is a clear liquid waste product is removed from the breast to lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are small, pea-sized pieces of tissue that filter and clean the lymph. More lymph nodes draining the breast under the arm in what is called the axilla.

Collections of cells that grow abnormally or without control are called tumors. Tumors that are not able to spread throughout the body can be described as benign and are not intended as cancer. Tumors have the ability to develop into other tissues or spread to distant parts of the body is called “evil.” Malignant tumors of the breast are cancer of the breast. In theory, any type of tissue in a breast cancer, the cancer cells are more likely to develop both the ducts or glands. These tumors can be classified as invasive ductal carcinoma (cancer cells developing from ducts) or invasive lobular carcinoma (cancer cells developing lobes).

Sometimes, precancerous cells are present in breast tissue, and are called ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or lobular carcinoma in situ (LCI). Ductal carcinoma in situ and LCI are diseases in which cancer cells are present in breast tissue, but are not able to spread or invade other tissues. DCIS represents about 20% for all breast cancers. Because DCIS cells have become capable of invading breast tissue, the treatment of DCIS is usually recommended. However treatment is not usually necessary for LCI.

Common types of breast cancer
There are different types of breast cancer. The type of breast cancer depends on breast cells into cancer. Breast cancer can begin in different parts of the breast, as the ducts or lobes.

Common forms of breast cancer
carcinoma. The most common form of breast cancer. Begins in the cells of milk ducts in the breast, also called the lining of the chest tubes.
carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The abnormal cancer cells are only in the lining of the milk ducts, and has not spread to other tissues of the chest.
invasive ductal carcinoma. The abnormal cancer cells break through the lines and distribution in other parts of the breast tissue. Invasive cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body.
lobular carcinoma. This type of breast cancer, tumor cells in the lobes or lobules of the breast to start. Lobules, the glands that make milk.
lobular carcinoma in situ (LCI). The tumor cells are found only in the lobules of the breast. Lobular carcinoma in situ, or LCI, often spread to other tissues.
invasive lobular carcinoma. Tumor cells spread from the lobules to the end of breast tissue. These invasive cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body.
The main risk factor for developing breast cancer is increasing age. As women age rises, it increases the risk of breast cancer. The risk is also influenced by the age at which a woman begins menstruating (early age can increase the risk), and her age at first pregnancy (older age may increase the risk). Use of exogenous estrogens, sometimes in the form of hormone replacement (HRT) may increase the risk of breast cancer, but the use of oral contraceptives is unlikely to increase the risk. Family history is very important in determining the risk of breast cancer.

A woman with a family history of breast cancer is increased risk of developing breast cancer themselves. Furthermore, known genetic mutations that increase the risk of breast cancer are present in some families, including mutations in the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. Between 3% to 10% of breast cancers may be related to changes in one of the BRCA genes. Women can inherit these mutations from their parents.