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Introduction and Causes of Bladder Cancer
What is it?
Bladder cancer occurs when malignant cells develop in the lining of the organ.
The urine passes from the kidneys to the bladder through the ureters with a tube.
Bladder is a muscular ring structure that opens to make way for the urine.
Adapts its size increases as the volume of urine and when filled, sending nerve signals to the brain that conveys the need to urinate.
Bladder cancer is more frequent in women than in men, as three more times. Reflecting their close relationship with smoking.
In recent years, has seen an increase in the number of cases in Spanish women, a phenomenon which is due mainly to the increase of female smokers and incorporating it into employment and industry.
It is the second most common among urogenital cancers, the first prostate cancer in men. In the woman occupies the first place. Bladder cancer accounts for 2% of all cancers. It is more common in industrialized countries.
Causes
Among the risk factors involved in the development of bladder cancer include the following:
- The consumption of snuff is the risk factor and the strongest single underlying cause of at least half of all cases. The snuff smoke carcinogens are absorbed from the lungs into the blood. The kidneys filter many of these substances, including them in the urine to excrete them. Read the rest of this entry »
How to Diagnose Skin Cancer?
The doctor will be based on symptoms presented by the patient’s skin and medical history. When suspicion of abnormality is biopsied. The biopsy the tissue under a microscope to examine the type of cells present.
Depending on where you are the alteration of the skin and in whatever form, and there will be a type of biopsy or another.
Shave biopsy: numbed skin area to be biopsied under local anesthesia and scraping the skin’s upper layers with a scalpel blade.
Incisional and excisional biopsies: removing a wedge of skin. It makes for deeper tumors. With incisional biopsy removes only a part of the tumor for testing. Read the rest of this entry »
Main Measures Before and During Sun Exposure
- Avoid using cosmetic products containing alcohol and perfumes.
- Choosing the right sunscreen, depending on skin type, place of application and environmental conditions.
- Apply a good amount of solar products 30 minutes before sunbathing to dry skin.
- Avoid the sun without protection between midnight and four in the afternoon, at high altitudes and in areas close to Ecuador.
- Water, snow and sand reflect the sun’s rays acting and increasing its intensity. For this reason, it can cause burns even in the shade.
- The first few times you take the sun, you must use a more protective factor.
- Even on cloudy days, use sunscreen.
- You have to drink plenty of fluids to compensate for fluid loss due to sun exposure.
- After a bath, when you are sweating heavily, and after spending two hours of the previous application, will need to reapply sunscreen.
- After exposure to the sun, you have to drink plenty of fluids due to their loss.
Skin Cancer Prevention
The main risk factor for cancer is overexposure to ultraviolet radiation.
Avoid intense or prolonged sun exposure, trying not to be exposed at times when the solar radiation is larger is the best preventive measure that can be used.
Other forms include using materials that protect those sensitive areas such as the use of hats, sunglasses that absorb UV rays by 99% to 100%, or using appropriate fabrics to cover the skin.
Most inexpensive fabrics that are made of light colored summer clothes do not have ultraviolet filters let through much of this kind of radiation. It should be sunscreen in the trunk if it is to remain long in the sun, even wearing t-shirt.
The use of sunscreens reduces the risk of exposure. Must be used correctly, there are different degrees depending on the type of skin. They should be used with a time of sun exposure before and get better after bathing in the sea or pool.
As seen, the booths and tanning lamps are dangerous and should therefore be used with caution, avoiding excessive tanning.
When you notice a mole that has changed in appearance, or bleeding, call your doctor. This can be removed and biopsied to see if it is malignant or not.
This type of cancer can be prevented more than many others. Following the instructions above can be reduced or canceled much of the risk factors, so that the chances of developing skin cancer also decreased.
Skin Cancer Risk Factors: Genetic and Other Factors
Genetic factors
The nevoid basal cell epithelioma syndrome is an inherited disorder in which patients develop numerous basal cell carcinoma from the second decade of life and that ultimately affect any area of the skin.
Xeroderma pigmentosum is an inherited disorder that is caused by an alteration in DNA repair, is also associated with the occurrence of multiple cutaneous carcinomas.
In cutaneous malignant melanoma has been described a familial predisposition. The estimated risk is 70% present in patients with neurocutaneous melanosis and different types of xeroderma pigmentosum, from 1% in children of patients with non-familial melanoma alone and 6% in families with dysplastic nevus syndrome and history of two or more malignant melanomas.
Those who have been treated with medicines that suppress their immune systems, are more likely to develop melanoma. Read the rest of this entry »
Skin Cancer Risk Factors: Physical Characteristics Factors
Physical Characteristics
The white people of Scottish, English or Irish with blond or red hair, blue eyes and abundant freckles are especially susceptible.
Melanoma is very rare in the population being predominantly black or Oriental, when it occurs, little pigmented areas such as palms and plants and their prognosis is worse. The sensitivity of skin to sun tanning and the difficulty increases the risk of melanoma.
The skin reaction to sunlight is associated with factors such as skin pigmentation, the number of freckles in childhood or adulthood and the number of nevi (moles-like formations, which are benign melanocytic tumors), accounting for all factors risk for cutaneous malignant melanoma. Read the rest of this entry »
Skin Cancer Risk Factors: Environmental Factors
The reason that causes this type of cancer is not entirely known. Yes, we have studied some factors that influence their occurrence.
Environmental factors
Excessive exposure to the sun influences the production of these cancers. People who work outdoors, such as farmers and sailors, have a higher incidence. Often occur on exposed skin, often in head and neck.
Although sunlight helps to synthesize vitamins A and D, overexposure, produce or burns, increases the risk of developing skin cancer, including malignant melanoma.
There is a correlation between risk of melanoma and latitude. It also influences the time period during which a person has lived in Ecuador-latitude countries, which means excessive sun exposure maintained for a period of life. Read the rest of this entry »
Symptoms of Skin Cancer
The non-melanoma skin cancer may look like under various brands in the skin. In general, you should consult any stain that grows, changes shape or color, especially when it gets dark. Also, if bulges, itches or bleeds.
Basal cell carcinomas appear as red areas, flat or scaly areas or small waxy, shiny and translucent to the relief that may bleed. There may be some irregular blood vessel visible, or show areas of blue, brown or black.
Squamous cell carcinomas can look like growing lumps, rough surface, or flat as reddish patches of skin that grow slowly.
Melanoma may appear as a change in those spots on the skin. Any sore, lump, mark, etc. that is suspected might be a melanoma. The skin may become rough or scaly or may bleed or ooze.
You can take a melanoma from a mole, change in appearance or texture. In general, a mole is a spot of uniform color, brown, tan or black skin. Read the rest of this entry »
Types of Skin Cancer: Melanoma
Melanoma skin cancer
This disease develops in the melanocytes, skin cells that produce melanin that gives color. Melanocytes are found in the epidermis, layer of outer skin.
Melanoma is the type of skin cancer less common and more severe. You can easily spread to other parts of the body through blood or lymphatic system. If diagnosed early, the prognosis is better.
It can occur from existing moles, or a new formation, small, pigmented, appearing in an area of normal skin.
Will have to consult with your doctor if you notice a change in the size, shape or color of a mole. Or a mole that is swollen or painful to the touch or oozing or bleeding. Read the rest of this entry »
Other Types of Skin Cancer: Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Other less common types:
* Kaposi’s sarcoma: originates in the dermis but can also occur in internal organs.
Kaposi sarcoma in two forms:
That which usually develops in those patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and children and young people of equatorial Africa. This form grows very fast and tends to affect internal organs.
Before the onset of the disease, tended to present only the elderly of European origin Mediterranean. In these people grows very slowly on the skin and rarely spreads.
In the first the characteristic appearance is a sin pink, red or purple round or oval, in any part of the body but more often in the face. Read the rest of this entry »